How does the Archaeological evidence help in piecing together the life of the Harappan civilization?

Archaeological Evidence:

a) Excavation in Mohenjedaro, Kalibangan => rural Harappa => presence of:

(i) Citade => Upper fortified town => important buildings => socio-economic influence.

(ii) Lower town => commons residential places.

b) Town planning => grid pattern of roads => indicates presence of organized planning based on geometry and system of computation (science & technology).

c) Use of standardized bricks and pottery => strong system of economic & social centralization.

d) No evidence of palace => absence of warrior class.

a) Bronze statues => Bearded man => central figure, possible religious connotation.

b) Use of soapstone technique => child-bearing turning => employment generator eg: dancing girl.

c) Terracotta figurines => mother goddess [illegible] religious figurehead.

a) Religious purpose => seals of animals, (no horse or cow). [illegible]

b) Educational significance => presence of [illegible] mathematical seals.

c) Trade ties => with Mesopotamia, Bahrain, Trag etc.

a) Burials found inside the house => practice of burying the dead inside the house.

b) Graves with string of bricks, properly decorated => socio-economic stratification in the [illegible].

c) Graves are filled with amulets, omlets, combs, pots, animals => belief in afterlife.

Therefore, even though 5000 years old, Harappan society remains relevant - their intricate town planning, naturalistic buildings, presence of agriculture etc. has important lessons for urgent 21st century urbanization.