Question 1Answer in 150 words, 10 marksGS1GS1

Discuss the causes of tsunamis and their impact on coastal areas. What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of tsunamis?

Introduction

Tsunamis refer to the vertical displacement of water, generating enormous sea waves (50m) high, due to shifting or displacement of ocean and causes of tsunami

25 words

Main Body

1Underwater earthquake - 6.5 magnitude seismic waves generate tsunami waves.

2Landslide - loaded debris causes momentum of ocean water.

3Crater impact - fall of huge meteors/meteorites into ocean where eg: scientists predict that if a 10km diameter object falls into Pacific Ocean, tsunami will engulf entire California & Mexico.

Impact on coastal areas:

1Generation of tsunami waves => waves 50m high can engulf entire coastal cities like Mumbai & Chennai

(A) Ocean surges - due to horizontal displacement of ocean water.

(B) Coastal erosion - mangroves & wetlands can be destroyed.

(D) Water borne diseases - seeding water can become a breeding ground of mosquitoes & various vector diseases.

Mitigation measures:

1Early warning systems → for proper awareness & evacuation.

2Shelter homes on high ground - to ensure immediate relief.

3Embankment of mangroves & wetlands - act as shock absorbers in coastal areas used.

4Checks on seaward encroachment of infrastructure.

5Frequent evacuation drills to safety risks should be prepared.

Therefore, tsunamis are natural disasters, but through various structural & non-structural measures, it can be mitigated.

195 words1 paragraphs

Conclusion

Therefore, tsunamis are natural disasters, but through various structural & non-structural measures, it can be mitigated.

16 words

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Page 1

Topper

Ritika Chitlangia

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Salient features of World's Physical Geography

Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.

Writing Stats

236

Total words

Paragraphs

technical and explanatory

Tone