Question Q19Discuss various factors and explain complexitiesGS1GS1
Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan. (15 marks, 250 words)
Introduction
According to the World Bank around 73% of Indian cities one facing water stress and scarcity of groundwater.
18 words
Main Body
Various factors for water woes:
1Unplanned urbanization - by lack of WASH facilities
2Increased rural-urban migration - by 2011 census - 31% urban, 2025 - 270% people will (needed have) be living in cities
3Reduced National water bodies - due wetland ponds due to construction activities
4Farms with water distribution supply boards - by Intermitted supply - by lack of water treatment
5Dumping of waste in water bodies - by eutrophication & pollution & water borne disease like dengue, malaria etc.
Complexities in implementing:
1Lack of coordination b/w stakeholders - by municipalities lacked capacity
2Complexity in project execution - due to bureaucratic delays and vested tapism
3Lack of Public Private Partnership - by only i.v. Project underppe for cities (NIPT AMCU)
4Farms with water distribution supply boards - by Intermitted supply - by lack of water treatment
5Dumping of waste in water bodies - by eutrophication & pollution & water borne disease like dengue, malaria etc.
6[illegible] dumping of waste in water bodies - by eutrophication & pollution & water borne disease like dengue, malaria etc.
Complexities in implementing:
1Lack of coordination b/w stakeholders - by municipalities lacked capacity
2Complexity in project execution - due to bureaucratic delays and vested tapism
3Lack of Public Private Partnership - by only i.v. Project underppe for cities (NIPT AMCU)
Way forward for comprehensive water management plan:
1Municipal bonds for infrastructure - like Pipeline, Breakwall plant - by Vijay nellore committee
2Empowering municipalities with funds, finance, functionarics - by Nani shankar iyer committee
3Sharing tier revenue (15% F.C.) - Public Private partnership (MGOPAL panest committee) sustainable cities and community is programme under SDG 411.
287 words3 paragraphs
- Systematic identification of multiple factors
- Distinguishes between problems and implementation challenges
- References WHO/World Bank data
Topper
Rishabh Choudhary
AIR 28
Subject & Paper
GS1GS1
Topic
Urbanization
Urbanization, their problems and their remedies
water management and urban water scarcity
Writing Stats
305
Total words
3
Paragraphs
analytical, structured
Tone