R

RakhiAIR 65

Question 16Discuss advantages and challenges for IndiaGS3GS1

धम-गहन उद्योगों में चीन और दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया की तुलना में भारत के लिए लाभ और चुनौतियां पर चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए) Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context. (Answer in 250 words)

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AnswerStrengthsGapsKeywords

Introduction

Labour intensive industries promote large scale employment, generating income from the economics of scale and by semi-skilled laborers

18 words

Main Body

Reasons for shift from China to South and SE Asia:

1Push factors:

(a) Static labor laws - in China, due to higher development and economic growth to high development and economic growth

(b) Rise in skills - of labourers, demanding higher wages

(c) Labour at point - with China focusing on more clear energy

(d) Shifting focus - towards new age technology (Q) AI, critical minerals

2Pull factors:

(a) Cheap labours at low wages (Q) India, Bangladesh

(b) Relaxed labour norms (Q) non-implementation of labour codes of 1926 in India

(c) Relaxed environment - norms - with China focusing on more clean energy

(d) Incentives - by government (Q) export facilities in Vietnam

and so further scope of expansion

(d) shifting focus - towards new age Technology (Q) AI, Critical minerals

2Pull factors:

(a) cheap laborers at low wages (Q) India, Bangladesh

(b) Relaxed labour norms (Q) non-implementation of labour codes of 1926 in India

(c) Relaxed environment norms - with China focusing on more clean energy

(d) Incentives - by government (Q) export facilities in Vietnam

(e) Relaxed government norms - with China focusing on more clean energy

Advantages for India:

1General income - by higher export potential
2Growth of employment - increasing LFPR rate
3Reduced inequality - promoting per capita income growth
4Contribution to GDP - for achieving 4% GDP from manufacturing sector by 1015 (Q) Reduced trade deficit (Q) $100 bn south china

Advantages for India:

1General income - by higher export potential
2Growth of employment - increasing LFPR rate
3Reduced inequality - promoting per capita income growth
4Contribution to GDP - for achieving 4% GDP from manufacturing sector by 1015 (Q) Reduced trade deficit (Q) $100 bn south china

Challenges:

Land acquisition across multiple sectors
Lack of 24/7 electricity available for industries
High migration (Q) to get national standards
Lack of investment (Q) by finaas and by FDI
Strict regulations and licensing procedures - reducing economy of scale

Thus, as suggested by Bombay model after Indus Independence, labour intensive industries can help to achieve vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047

360 words8 paragraphs

Conclusion

Thus, as suggested by Bombay model after Indus Independence, labour intensive industries can help to achieve vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047

22 words

  • Clearly distinguishes push and pull factors
  • Identifies comparative advantages
  • References specific labor codes

Open original scan

Page 41

Topper

Rakhi

AIR 65

Subject & Paper

GS3GS1

Topic

Economic Development

Industrial Development

Labour-Intensive Industries Shift from China to SE Asia

Writing Stats

400

Total words

8

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone