Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Communalism refers to antagonistic feelings between religious groups where secular interests of both groups are perceived to be mutually exclusive.
20 words
Main Body
Factors in driving communalism in India:
> 1.1 British divide and rule policy of appeasement of university by giving them (separate electorate)
> 1.2 Power struggle between elite coincided with religious conflicts (Muslim landowners vs Hindu Money lenders in Punjab)
> 1.3 Communalisation of national freedom struggle (extremist) Khatkar etc.
> 2.1 Vote bank politics of parties post independence (fitting one against other)
> 2.2 Unequal growth of minorities- failure of relative deprivation (Sachar committee)
> 2.3 Quota to maintain hegemony by different religious (state)
> 2.4 Failure of national integration policy - Communalism over patriotism
Measures to tackle:
Struggles on the role of high rise power:
> 2.1 Vote bank politics of parties post independence (fitting one against other)
> 2.2 Unequal growth of minorities - failure of relative deprivation (Sachar committee)
> 2.3 Quota to maintain hegemony by different religious (state)
> 2.4 Failure of national integration policy - Communalism over patriotism
Measures to tackle:
- Comprehensive classification of factors (historical vs socio-political)
- Specific examples (Punjab conflicts, separate electorate)
- Important committees cited (Sachar, Tangaraih Mishra, National Commission)
- Links communalism to vote bank politics effectively
- Addresses both causes and potential remedies
- Good structural organization with clear numbering
Pawan Kumar Pandey
Modern Indian History
Communalism and Secularism
Communalism in Indian politics
268
Total words
7
Paragraphs
8
Bullets
analytical structured
Tone