What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India? (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Geographical factors susceptible for mangrove vegetation in India - (0) Tropical warm waters with temperature around 27°C in order to filter salt from saline water. (2) they prefer saline/brackish waters. (3) Vast continental shelf to promote growth of roots of mangroves. (4) inter-tidal zones and coastal areas.

Climate change posing threats to mangrove vegetation - (0) Rapid change in temperature of coastal waters. (1) Increase in frequency of cyclones due to vapid global warming. (4) Cyclone mocha/tauktae destroyed Sundarbans mangrove. (3) changes in salinity of the waters due to mixing of fresh water from glaciers. (5) As per IPCC, 18% of mass would be lost from glaciers by 2025.

Government of India thus has taken various steps:- (0) MISHTI programme for promoting convergence of CAMPA and MGNREGA for development of mangroves. (2) Joining of Mangrove Alliance for climate change led by UAE and Indonesia in COP27. (3) Putting Mangroves under greatest protection regime - (CRZ - I). In order to promote development of mangrove and protect it, we need to follow best practice of west Bengal where mangroves and shrimp farming are going side by side.