How has the pandemic reshaped the landscape of education, and what long-term effects might these changes have on teaching and learning outcomes? (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks

Pandemic reshaping education landscape includes: (1) Online education through platforms like MOODLE, Swayam etc ensured efforts in cities for some to ensure their skill, with the Issue of Digital divide - ASCER report highlights only 45% students were able to learn online. (2) Need for infrastructure growth and government started invest heavily in internet, Example - Bharat Net project to ensure internet access to Gram Panchayats

Negative effects include: (1) Deeper the new-poor divide (2) Difficulty in achieving learning outcomes - ASCER highlight that Class V students couldn't read class III text, LEARNING POVERTY (3) Gender divide would widen (4) Doubt resolution difficult (5) Social skill compromised (6) Online exams prone to cheating (7) Poor demographic dividing. Thus pandemic has changed drastically education landscape and to ensure SDG 4, govt will have to provide more services