भारतीय मानसून विभिन्न जलवायुगत कारकों से प्रभावित एक जटिल परिघटना है। भारत में मानसूनी वर्षा की तीव्रता और वितरण के निर्धारण में महासागरीय और वायुमंडलीय कारकों की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए। / The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.

Factors influencing Indian monsoon:

-> La-Nina & ENSO

-> Indian Ocean Dipole

-> Upper air trough in Atmosphere

-> Intensity of Sub tropical Easterly Jet Stream

-> Formation of cyclonic depressions in Bay of Bengal.

-> Madden Julian Oscillation

Role of Oceanic & atmospheric factors

a) In hot weather season, Tibetan Plateau has low pressure region due to intensive heating & air is upward motion, which attracts winds from Mascarene High, bringing the moisture laden winds inside the subcontinent.

Intensity:- More the high pressure at Mascarene high, more is the powerful monsoon.

a) Positive Indian Ocean Dipole further strengthen the Mascarene High & more rainfall.

b) La-Nina, also strengthen the High pressure of Mascarene High causing more rainfall.

c) Depressions in Bay of Bengal further attract the waters into subcontinent causing rainfall.

a) Upper air trough of Sub tropical Jet Stream, ensure the low pressure at Tibetan Plateau, causing more rainfall.

b) Sudden weakening of Sub tropical Jet Stream led to Monsoon Break

c) Dry winter Westerlies, bring moisture laden winds from Caspian Sea & Black Sea, causing winter rainfall in Gangetic region.