With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Distribution of rare earth elements globally (in terms of reserves):

Key historical context: Since China weaponized its production of rare earths against Japan in 2010, their distribution has become vital to meet global economy, and global life as well.

Uses of rare earths - used in almost all modern industries and all hi-tech manufacturing:

(I) Electronics:

(II) Communication:

(III) Magnetic systems:

(IV) Emerging technology for green transportation:

Additional uses and environmental impacts:

(V) As catalyst for viewing

(VI) Role in heavy industries such as iron and steel

(VII) Defense, medium technology, etc.

Environmental impact of their extraction:

Some rare earth elements are actually rare-rare, and just their convenience in minerals if (conveniently law), leading to:

1. Huge amount of waste generated in extraction

2. Polarisation of nearby land and contamination of underground water

3. Often found with thorium, lead to radioactive waste

4. [Further consequences listed but transcription unclear]

Conclusion: Rare earth metals were actually rare-rare; it is just that their convenient location in minerals if (conveniently law), leading to convenient waste generation. Hence, India must invest in [F&D] and low wool, clear extraction