Question 18GS1GS1

[Question on El-Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon]

Main Body

El-Niño Southern Oscillation is a phenomena observed in pacific ocean, near the Peruvian coast, due to the abnormal weaving of the pacific.

El-Niño Formation:

Due to counter-equatorial currents, prohibited by change in direction of trade winds, warm winds reach Australia, causing heavy rainfall & flooding.

El-Niño Southern Oscillation effects include conditions conserving Peruvian coast of India like conditions.

Impact on Climate:

It changes the climate of Peruvian coast & causes drought due to anomalous warming of the Pacific.

Similarly, India & China also experience drought like conditions due to low moisture capacity & less relative humidity.

Weakening of Walker cell due to El-Niño is the main reason for droughts in India.

However, lots of moist water causes a creation of low pressure over Australia leading to heavy showers & thunderstorms, thus it causes floods in Australia.

They bring thunderstorms into the Atlantic ocean & thus impacting the climate of USA & Canada.

Societal impacts:

It disrupts the fishing occupation in south America & thus fishermen suffer loss of employment about their livelihoods.

Additional impacts:

It causes disruption in celebration of festivals in India on the arrival of monsoons & impacts agricultural yield.

As India is primarily monsoon dependent, a bad monsoon causes large-scale farmer suicides.

The shift of sea caused migration (inward & outward migration) in India.

It brings policy changes in Australia & implementation of disaster management area due to inverse flooding.

Conclusion:

Ending Southern Oscillations are found to impact around 82% of world's population & World Meteorological Organization has started a campaign "Weather Forcing" to contain the effects of Climate Change on Oceanic Phenomena.

276 words15 paragraphs10 bullet points

Diagram

Diagram showing El-Niño Southern Oscillation formation with arrows indicating wind patterns, warm and cold currents, and impacts

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Page 43

Topper

Kritika Chaudary

AIR 312

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Important Geophysical Phenomena

El-Niño Southern Oscillation

Geophysical Phenomena

Writing Stats

276

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

explanatory

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