Question 19GS1GS1

Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan. (15 marks, 250 words)

Introduction

India's per capita water availability is 1928 cu which falls into water deficit nation. Cities face this water craze far more than rural spaces.

24 words

Main Body

Factors contributing to water woes of cities -

1Congested urban spaces

2Lack of blue and green infrastructure in urban cities.

3Encroachment of water bodies causes floods

4Delhi's encroachment of Yamuna => 22 Delhi floods.

5Reduced groundwater level

6Lack of clean drinking water

7Pollution due to industrial runoff

These results in water woes in cities:

1Urban floods

2Lack of adequate drainage

3Issue of unsapt water supply

These challenges require comprehensive water management plan (CWMP) -

features (CWMP) -

1Provisioning of adequate drinking water

2Creation of green & blue spaces

3Amrit Bharathai scheme.

4Recycle, reuse, and Reduce (3R) principle.

However, there are complexities in implementing CWMP -

1High urban populations - 31/.

2Inherent limitation of reverse engineering and retrofitting for infrastructure creation.

3Hurdles of behavioural change - slow and no guaranteed results

4Policy level charges - minimizing 2 recharge irrigation subsidies but will impact agriculture sector

5Structural hurdles at regional variances in water resources.

Recently conducted water body census is the first step in direction of CWMP by mapping closed water bodies for sustainable & comprehensive management.

194 words4 paragraphs

Conclusion

Recently conducted water body census is the first step in direction of CWMP by mapping closed water bodies for sustainable & comprehensive management.

23 words

Open original scan

Page 47

Topper

Komal Punia

AIR 6

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Salient features of World's Physical Geography

Water Resources and Urban Water Management

Writing Stats

241

Total words

Paragraphs