Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.

Circumstances leading to Simla Agreement - Since Indian wars, where China had an edge. The III Indo Pak wars, where India emerged victorious (1971). So India - Soviet closeness. Communism [cold war era, where Pakistan was seen as an US ally]. India's foreign policy of non alignment. India wanting to have a peaceful border. The issue of external agents present in the Karachi agreement being [illegible]

Subsequently - Its Indians having an anti Pakistan sentiments throughout country. Return of prisoners of war, as a pre treaty framing India to be made. India didn't want to have another war, especially at 2 fronts( inner). Significance of the agreement - Converted ceasefire line to line of control underling it demarcated. No unused band united nations mediation in a dispute involving LoC - this paved way for sovereign foreign relations. A chance to improve neighbouring relations, for a connected South Asia. To boost India's image for carrying out non expansionist foreign policy.

Demonstrated India's non alignment, as independent foreign policy was made. Made it a temporary peace with Pakistan. Bangladesh - India relation went upswing. India became a regional head in South Asia. And this paved way for India to be voice of global south. It paved the strength of Indian diplomacy. Thus, the Simla agreement has been the cornerstone of India Pak relations. In wake of Palguan attack, India need to have further pro Indian agreements, equally He India water treaty.