Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.
Introduction
As per Census 2011, around 47 crore people are migrants and rural to rural migration is the maximum. It is a livelihood strategy as evident from -
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Main Body
33 crore people migrated from rural areas highlighting the push factors (Census 2011). Cities have more economic opportunities (contribute more than 60% India's GDP). Construction workers are needed due to rapid infrastructure development. Magsian distress (45% workforce but contribution to GDP), disguised unemployment. Higher wage rate in cities.
Men are the predominant in rural to urban migration highlights the economic necessity. Emerging gig economy, provides semi-skilled jobs (Eg Uber, Swiggy). Booming service sector and educated youth gets jobs remuneration jobs in cities. Infrastructure facilitates the migration process. Normalisation of caste based discrimination in urban areas (USFPA). Availability of cheaper credit and formal credit (eg PM Street vendor loan). Opportunity for women to work. Higher wages compared to rural areas. Presence of social security.
Conclusion
Hence, the push and pull factors act in unison to give rise to migration out of rural areas. Kandapdhya's committee's recommendation to be implemented.
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- Uses Census 2011 data
- Identifies both push and pull factors clearly
- Provides quantitative support (47 crore, 60% GDP)
- Explains economic rationale for migration
- Connects to infrastructure development
Kanishk Aggarwal
Role of Women and Women's Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and Developmental issues
Migration
Migration as livelihood strategy in rural India
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Paragraphs
formal analytical
Tone