शहरी बाढ़ की बारंबार होने वाली घटनाएं भारत में नियंत्रण प्रणाली के लिए एक गंभीर खतरा उत्पन्न करती हैं। मनुष्यप्रत आबरास पर पड़ने वाले इसके प्रभाव पर विशेष बल देते हुए विस्तार से चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए) / The frequent instances of urban flooding pose a severe risk to the urban ecosystem in India. Discuss with special emphasis on its impact on the critical infrastructure. (Answer in 250 words)
Introduction
Urban Flooding is a hazard of emerging relevance at the drainage systems are overwhelmed and unable to accommodate the flow of water
22 words
Main Body
Their rise in frequency poses a severe risk to urban ecosystem as:
-i- Impacts economic activities
eg Mumbai, the financial capital comes to a halt with monsoon rains every year.
-ii- Impacts urban informal economy
eg 90% workers are in informal sector and lose their incomes
-iii- Residents face threat of epidemic outbreak
eg water borne diseases like diarrhoea & viruses like COVID
-iv- Infrastructural damage with electricity grids failing, roads cracking
eg Chennai Floods
-v- Urban expansion is mindless & unplanned eg Gurugram logging
-ii- Impacts urban informal economy
eg 90% workers are in informal sector and lose their incomes
-iii- Residents face threat of epidemic outbreak
eg water borne diseases like diarrhoea & viruses like COVID
-iv- Infrastructural damage with electricity grids failing, roads cracking
eg Chennai Floods
-v- Urban expansion is mindless & unplanned eg Gurugram logging
[Impact on critical infrastructure:]
-i- Congestion on roads (Bangalore). As held by Minister of Highways & America has roads wet because it is still a lot but it is RICH BECAUSE of its roads > showing imminent [?] of roads
-ii- Electricity grids are severely impacted
-iii- Underground metro tunnels face water logging leading to discontinuation of services
eg Delhi Metro
-iv- Underpasses & tunnels become non functional
eg Gurugram
As monsoons become sporadic, urban space necessarily have to account for slides of flooding & subsequent loss of critical infrastructure to achieve SDG 11: Sustainable City
Conclusion
As monsoons become sporadic, urban space necessarily have to account for slides of flooding & subsequent loss of critical infrastructure to achieve SDG 11: Sustainable City
26 words
Diagram
Diagram showing 'Reasons' for urban flooding with branches: Inadequate drains ← [Reasons] → Choking due to plastic; Congestion ← → Concentration; Encroachment of wetlands ← → Unplanned expansion
- Clear identification of multiple causes of urban flooding
- Specific Indian examples (Mumbai, Chennai, Gurugram)
- Discussion of both formal and informal economy impacts
- Reference to epidemic and water-borne diseases
- Infrastructure damage illustrated with examples
- Visual diagram of causal factors
Ishitha Kishore
Important Geophysical Phenomena
Urban Flooding and Critical Infrastructure
Urban Flooding Risks and Impacts
322
Total words
17
Paragraphs
descriptive and analytical
Tone