Question Q19Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.GS1GS1
Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.
Introduction
As per composite water management index of NITI Aayog, the groundwater availability in urban areas reduced from 443.6 cm to 395.6 cm.
22 words
Main Body
Factors contributing to water woes:
(A) Poor urban planning
1Concretization and thus low water absorption
2Urban Heat Island effect
3Urban Dome effect
(B) Huge urban population & high migration
1Stress of water resources
(C) Increased slums
11.7% of urban population live in slums.
(D) Low expenditure on urban infrastructure
1India only spends 1.8 on it whereas China spends 11.4 per capin
(E) Poor wastewater harvesting and other storage mechanisms.
Complexities in comprehensive water management plan:
1Water is state subject under 7th schedule and thus single uniform policy difficult.
2Different functional issues of different cities so comprehensive one
Size fit all plan not required too.
Topography of cities:
Over crowding in Mumbai 2 slums
Over water diversion in Kolkata
Poor water management in Chennai
Concretization in Bangalore
3Different geographical challenges & topographical issues of cities.
147 words10 paragraphs4 bullet points
Conclusion
Need of the hour is total water conservation to better achieve SDG11 on urbanization
14 words
Topper
Harsh Lodha
AIR 2612023
Subject & Paper
GS1GS1
Topic
Indian Geography
Water Resources and Urban Issues
Water Scarcity in Urban Areas
Writing Stats
183
Total words
10
Paragraphs
4
Bullets