Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.
Introduction
Climate change has affected the pace of glaciation in Arctic and we can see ice free summers by 2030 as per Wadia Institute of Hydrology.
25 words
Main Body
Impact of climate change on hydrological cycle:
(A) groundwater distress: due to global warming by (1) GHG emission, groundwater recharge (1).
(B) Melting of glaciers: both arctic and antarctic glaciers melting at fast pace (ALODs)
(C) sea level rise: melting of glacier
(D) Ocean current patterns: changes in hydrological levels affecting ocean current cycles like weakening of ANOC
(E) ENSO, La-Nina, el-Nino has been affected due to climate change.
(F) Heat balancing changes affecting regular hydrological cycles.
Strategies to contain implications:
(A) Mitigation
(i) Reduce emissions of green house gases. (UNFCCC targets)
(B) Adaptation
leading to sea level size (1mt by 2100)
(D) Ocean current patterns: changes in hydrological levels affecting ocean current cycles like weakening of ANOC
(E) ENSO, La-Nina, el-Nino has been affected due to climate change.
(F) Heat balancing changes affecting regular hydrological cycles.
Strategies to contain implications:
(A) Mitigation
(i) Reduce emissions of green house gases. (UNFCCC targets)
(B) Adaptation
Sustainable development goals like 14 (life under water) be worked on
(A) Ocean fortification to reduce ocean acidification, etc.
(B) Adaptation continued - Coastal communities involvement
Conclusion
Need of the hour is to ensure sustainable development as else 2ey situation on coast (within 50km) very vulnerable.
19 words
- Comprehensive coverage of hydrological impacts
- Clear distinction between mitigation and adaptation strategies
- References to international frameworks (UNFCCC, SDG)
- Mentions India-specific coastal regulations (CRZ)
- Links climate science with policy implications
Harsh Lodha
Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
Climate change and hydrological cycle
Climate change impacts on water resources
310
Total words
4
Paragraphs
technical and analytical
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