Question Q.19Analyze the socio-cultural factors, Suggest measures to improve retentionGS1GS1
Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in the sector. (15 marks, 250 words)
Introduction
Despite 100% enrollment of girls in Primary education, their share in STEM career is lower than the global average due to high attrition rate.
24 words
Main Body
Socio-Cultural Factors contributing to high attrition rate:
1Marriage: patri-local nature of marriage leads to migration of women → poor employment stability.
2Notion of patriarchy: "Women are not good in STEM as not natural".
3Gendered expectation: of providing 'care' services → pink collar jobs.
Socio-Cultural Factors (continued):
4Issues of Sticky Floor and Glass ceiling in society → leading to poor promotions, Issue of sexual Harassment.
5Dual family Burden of family and welfare → raising family.
6Denial of Autonomy in working → no decision making power.
7Traditionally → STEM sector → male dominated.
8Huge gap in wages → 33% differential.
9Lower number of role models like Kiran Mazumdan Shaw.
10Maternity duties: leading to breaks in employment.
Measures to improve retention in STEM:
Social Measures:
1Awareness generation: about role models in STEM sector.
2Education: free from Gendered Biases.
Social Measures (continued):
3Work Culture Reorientation: to be made women friendly.
Industry Measures:
1Strict implementation of POSH → formation of Internal complaint committee (ICC)
2Awareness about Maternity Benefit Act.
3Corporate Governance Measures mandating compulsory women leadership [G] in Board rooms.
Government Measures:
1Various Schemes: [KIRAN], [Curie] Initiative
2Strict guidelines for equal wage remuneration
3Strict emphasis on POSH compliance
4Ensure 'Women contribution' mandatory under ESA compliance of companies.
222 words17 paragraphs
Conclusion
Solving this issue could require Industry to innovate, Business to legislate and Women to act.
15 words
- Identifies multiple socio-cultural factors
- Distinguishes between enrollment and career participation
- Mentions patrilocal marriage system and its impact
Topper
Gaurav Chopra
AIR 83
Subject & Paper
GS1GS1
Topic
Role of Women and Women's Organization
Women
Women in STEM careers, attrition rates
Writing Stats
261
Total words
17
Paragraphs