Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors. (15 marks, 250 words)
Introduction
Indian monsoon refers to seasonal arrival of trade winds leading to coming of rains, becoming winds towards Indian subcontinent.
19 words
Main Body
Major features of Indian monsoon:
Causative factors:
(i) Movement of ITCZ - towards north of equator, leading to low pressure area in Indian sub-continent.
(ii) Masrine High - formation of high pressure in Mascarni acting as large walker cell.
(iii) Himalayan barriers and Tibetan Plateau - acting as shield for precipitation in North India.
(iv) Ocean currents such as Somali current in aiding the process of monsoon.
(v) Influenced by disconnections such as El Nino, La-nina etc. - particle of Nino having negative influence en monsoon. Positive influence on rainfall.
Causative factors:
(i) Movement of ITCZ: towards north of equator leading to low pressure area in Indian sub-continent.
(ii) Masrine High: formation of high pressure in Mascarni acting as large walker cell.
(iii) Himalayan Barriers and Tibetan Plateau - acting as shield for precipitation in North India.
(iv) Ocean currents such as Somali current in aiding the process of monsoon.
(v) Influenced by disconnections such as El Nino, La-nina etc. - particle of Nino having negative influence en monsoon. Positive influence on rainfall.
Conclusion
Thus, Indian Monsoon is a complex atmospheric machinery having significant impact on Indian climate, vegetation and livelihood.
17 words
Diagram
Diagram showing Himalayan barrier and ITCZ system with monsoon branches and pressure systems
- Covers major features systematically
- Mentions both Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches
- Includes causative factors like ITCZ movement, Somali current
- References El Nino and La-nina phenomena
Dev Dudeja
Salient features of World's Physical Geography
Indian Monsoon
Monsoon characteristics and causative factors
338
Total words
3
Paragraphs