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Bipul GuptaAIR 103· 2023

Question 14DiscussGS1GS1

Discuss the reasons behind the emergence of environmental movements and their significance in post-independent India. (Answer in 250 words)

Open scan (p.32)
AnswerStrengthsGapsKeywords

Introduction

Environmental movements have been carried out before like the Chipko Sanctuary movement in 1970. However, the post-independence recent developments initiated environmental movements (related to religious norms)

26 words

Main Body

(i) Silent valley movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Chipko movement.

[Reasons behind emergence]

(i) Legacy factors:

Indian forest act 1865, 1927 had created restrictive (Indic) ndance created is renamed hoped (expansion)

(ii) Emergence of civil society:

Vandana Shiva, Rajendra Hazari hidden now NRC propose guest participation

(iii) Increased awareness on global level.

1972 Stockholm conference, 1992 [?] reports seemed as make up of call

(iv) Pressure of new legislations tools

Silent valley protests demanding population under wildlife protection act
53rd wave of Indian feminism
women participation in movements
(vi) Medha Palkak in Narmada Bachao Andolan in Narmada
(vi) tied to tribal displacement of livelihood
(vii) assent Hardhe dharma parstata

(Tushali's e.g. pop up at 50% displaced)

6Socio [?] agro -> Mistalaya forced [illegible] game

Significance of the above:

(i) getting new protected areas

Silent valley national park
Forest use to fight forest management (TFM)
Chipko movement gone use to TFM in Uttarakhand

(ii) Women empowerment

feminist Vandana Shiva more stirs in her work

(iii) Alternatism of intellects:

Figures (2001 vs 2007

2021-3 vs 3700)

(iv) Strong legislative framework

National green tribunal, Environment protection act 1986, Deeply a positive role in recent time (?) benefits anti-stall TIP prevent anti-eel bills against base movements
217 words12 paragraphs14 bullet points
  • Identifies multiple environmental movements
  • Mentions key thinkers in environmental discourse
  • References legislative history
  • Notes emergence of civil society

Open original scan

Page 32

Topper

Bipul Gupta

AIR 1032023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Effects of Globalization on Indian society. Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism

Environmental movements

Post-independence environmental activism

Writing Stats

243

Total words

12

Paragraphs

14

Bullets

Structured outline with bullet points

Tone