1940 के दशक तक प्राचीन भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस को समर्थन देने के विषय में सामान्यतः भारिया में रहा है। इस संदर्भ में, भारतीय पूंजीपतियों को अलग-अलग स्थितियों का विश्लेषण कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए) / The capitalists remained ambivalent in their support to the Indian National Congress until 1940s. In this context, analyse the varying positions of the Indian capitalists throughout the national movement. (Answer in 250 words)

The timeline:

1. Profits from first world war in 1919 - giving bags, clothes for soldiers etc.

2. Inter-war period: expansion of exports to south-east Asia.

3. Discontentment with being cut off business circles of European Houses.

4. Limited support to non-cooperation movement (to remain in good books of British) - but some were involved in boycott of foreign products.

5. Support was implicit to civil disobedience as it sought to break the laws - may not have been agreeable to most capitalists.

6. However, as the second world war started, capitalists such as Birla lent active support to Gandhi it.

7. Additionally, Tatas set up indigenous steel plants: Rourkela and Jamshedpur for promoting self-sufficiency

thus capitalist support yelled over into the 1950s where industries and airlines were nationalised and the Bombay Plan which gave importance to state role for development of the country.