Question 19GS1GS1

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Introduction

Migration is the response to the distribution of uneven economic opportunities across space and time.

15 words

Main Body

This has led to growing population in urban centres. As a result, there is shortage of housing leading to creation of slums. According to estimate by NITI Aayog, 1/3 of people live in slums in big cities.

But slums are not problems to be solved but are result of lopsided and vested urban policies.

There is lack of urban housing along with vacant houses in cities. This is result of

lack of reform in tenancy sector.

Lack of investment in infrastructure like Mass Rapid transportation has led to urban poor living near their occupation location due to non ease of travel.

Lack of voice in urban governance due to lack of voting power has turned them without voice.

Corruption in land use pattern is also adding to the misery.

Solutions:

To solve the slum problem, we do not need to remove slums, but restructure the processes.

Reform urban governance - smart municipalities.

Tenancy reforms to unlock vacant houses.

Lighthouse programmes under PMAY-U eg in Indore, that uses sustainable infrastructure.

Focus on cheap and accessible mass rapid transport so that people can afford to live in suburbs and travel to their place of work.

Transforming slums into economic engines by reforming and revamping them.

212 words6 paragraphs

Conclusion

NITI Aayog in its report says: 'To establish a National Committee for urban centres like in Singapore. It will make our cities economic gains for the country.'

27 words

Diagram

Boxed statement about slums not being problems but results of policy

Uses NITI Aayog data
Clear argument about policy failure

Open original scan

Page 49

Topper

Anshul Bhatt

AIR 222023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Urbanization

Urbanization problems and remedies

Migration and Slums

Writing Stats

254

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone