India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

Issues of Borders: (1) Drawn hastily by Britishers not knowing grand policies (2) Unilaterally decided by British no consultation.

National Identity: (1) Chinese claims over Arunachal were seen as violation of national identity of people from North East region (2) Integration of princely states by Vallabhbai Patel was crucial to preserve national identity

Issues of Historical Grievances: (1) Muslim populations feared trust in gout due to divide & communal British politics (2) Historical grievances between Chinese & Tibet led to issues along Tibet border (3) Many princely states held out by gout & hence pushed entered for independence (4) Conflict between muslim league & congress resulted in disputes in East & West Pakistan