Introduction
India was forced in many ways in its past independent history.
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Main Body
Wars with Pakistan:
1947 Kashmir conflict - Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir for itself.
1965 wars - seeing a weak India, it launched Operation Gibraltar and of grand slam to cut off Kashmir from India and capture Punjab.
1971 war - Pakistan attacked India in its pursuance to stop independence movement in Bangladesh.
Kargil conflict - Pakistan captured the Kargil height.
War with China:
1962 war: Immediate cause was 'forward policy' of India. But China were responsible - so they captured Akkai Chin and parts of Tibet from.
9 bloody nose to the Chinese. Reason: territorial dispute in Akim (Aksai Chin) Basin major reasons -> lack of demarcation of boundary -> Hegemonic intentions of China to rule Asia.
Impact -> The China syndrome due to defeat in 1962 war -> Lack of border infrastructure especially in Assam -> Deep distrust of Chinese and Anti-Chinese sentiment in India -> But it could not stop flood of cheap Chinese imports.
Today, we see a marked change in response of India to Chinese and Pakistan problems. India has become more self confident and stronger.
Conclusion
India has become more self confident and stronger in its response to China and Pakistan.
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- Chronological listing of wars
- Identification of major military operations
- Mention of underlying causes
Anshul Bhatt
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country
India's regional conflicts
Wars with Pakistan and China
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Total words
9
Paragraphs
Historical narrative
Tone