Question 17GS1GS1

Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall.

Introduction

Indian monsoon is the defining factor of India as a subcontinent affecting it economy, food security, festivals & policies

19 words

Main Body

[complex phenomenon] Influence by :-

[economy] - El Ninoaffects LA Ninainflation etc

[agriculture] - Rainfall area depending

[festivals] - on arrival of rain &

[policies] - city development plan, MSP based on prejudicia, disasters policies

[Complex phenomenon Influence by :-

[climatic factors]

Temperature & insolationaffects intensity & timing of arrival

Western disturbances, as seen in Himachal floods & merger of monsoon & Western disturbance

winds - trade wind (south easterly & western jet effect burst & breaks.

cycloneaffects intensity by preceising low/high pressure

Role of oceanic factors in

1Intensity ← [the role = to role] warm [the role]

1ocean currents → increase low pressure some important precipitation of monsoon

[Weakening of walker cell]

[directly affects monsoon]

3El Nino: poor monsoon

II. Distribution

4oceanic salinity & movement creates condition for monsoon arrival. (AMOC, Indian Ocean dipole etc).

Role of atmospheric phenomenon

1Temperature & insolation variously affect both intensity & distribution.

2presence of local cyconic system affects intensity [ex] Kalbaisakhi in westbengal

However, Apart from atmospheric & oceanic factor :-

Physiography plays a role in monsoon arrival, distribution [ex] Raimbadan region behind Western Ghats

climate change impacts monsoon as cited by IPEC repel

Pollution & other local factor in distribution of monsoon spread.

226 words6 paragraphs

Conclusion

IMD plays a crucial role in predicting & warning about any variation from set patterns of monsoon spread & intensity

20 words

Diagram

showing Indian monsoon influences on economy, agriculture, festivals and policies with interconnected relationships

Shows monsoon's multidisciplinary impact
El Nino and La Nina concepts incorporated
Linkage to multiple sectors (economy, agriculture, festivals, policies)
Western disturbances mentioned with example
Demonstrates understanding of climatic complexity

Open original scan

Page 44

Topper

Annapurna Singh

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Salient features of World's Physical Geography

Important Geophysical Phenomena - Monsoon System

Indian Monsoon - Climatic and Oceanic Factors

Writing Stats

265

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone