Industrial Revolution was the template or national and paradigm shift in production of goods marked by modern factories, production line, specialization and new and improved machinery, in late 18th century

Transformation of economic landscape: Improved machines like Handframes spinning jenny, water frame, water mule means production was possible at large scale. It led to cheap goods at large scale whilst hooded the markets. Rise in income of capitalists. Labourers also saw more economic opportunity and increased wages. England could export goods onupean which increased its national income.

Social and Cultural impact: Large scale migration of peasants from villages to cities. Increased homelessness and cleulo. Print of urban slums due to unavailability of housing. Very toxic and bad work environment with extended work hours, upto 12 hours and no holidays or breaks. Child labour was prevalent. By chimney boys - small boys would get inside chimneys to clean it. Change in status of women as they became self sufficient economically. Woman and children were underpaid. Diffusion of modern ideas due to migration of people. Industrial Revolution also fueled former colonialism for raw material and markets. Establishment of laissez faire mode of economy. Export of modern ideas to other colonies. Industrial Revolution was indeed a watershed movement in 18th century that had far reaching social and cultural impact.