AT

Anjali ThakurAIR 43· 2023

Question 13GS1GS1

How did the social reform and ideological struggle against the backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the nineteenth century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity and national consciousness?

Open scan (p.32)

Introduction

Due to partial modernization undertaken by British there was a wave of consciousness and movements in 19th century.

18 words

Main Body

Struggle against backward element:

1Raya Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833) - crusader against 'Sati' - passages of Sati Abolition Act 1829 - Consciousness through Press via Mirat-ul-Akbar - Sambad Kumudini - Established Brahmo Samaj - monotheism - against child marriage.

Associated with 25 women juddi. Used to spend own money for girl education. He married his son to a widow. Works like "BalyaBroh" against child marriage. All caste allowed in Sanskrit college where he taught western thoughts also in Sanskrit.

3Henery Vivian Derozio - promoted nationalism in youth
4Jyotiba Phule & Savithibai Phule - Against caste long caste ness - Satyasodha Samaj (1855)
5SNDD Vegam & Arjuppwram movement by Sri Narayana Iyer and Periyar.

[Struggle against plantculture]

1TDISK through Marathi (English) and keshavi (marathi) spread consciousness
2Gopal Krishan - Sevak society and work life 'Sudharak'
3Use of shiraf festival & Gramadari - to promote nationalism by TPAK
4Akali Dal movement (for SGPC) - against colonial teaching
5many works of nationalist tried to shed off the colonial mentality. "Poverty & Unbakkhi Rule of India" by Dadabhai Naorozi talked about wealth Drain theory.
61857 Revolt was a created huge impact. Hence 19th century laws erstwhile confronting which later got transformed into more organised movements like Swadeshi, non cooperation etc in 20th century.
219 words9 paragraphs

Conclusion

Hence 19th century laws erstwhile confronting which later got transformed into more organised movements like Swadeshi, non cooperation etc in 20th century.

22 words

  • Clear identification of key reformer
  • Mentions specific act with date
  • Links reform to consciousness building
  • Addresses both social and cultural dimensions

Topper

Anjali Thakur

AIR 432023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Modern Indian History

Social reform and cultural identity

19th century social reform movements and national consciousness

Writing Stats

259

Total words

9

Paragraphs

analytical-historical

Tone