Question 15GS1GS1
Enumerate the environmental conditions conducive to the formation of coral reefs. Discuss the major natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for their degradation. (Answer in 250 words)
Introduction
Coral reef, are a marine organism found due the symbiotic relation between coral polyps and Zooxanthellae. Due to its rich biodiversity, they are called 'rainforest of ocean'.
27 words
Main Body
Environmental Conditions conducive for formation :
1Presence of warm water enhance surviving ability of great barrier reef, mustache east coast due to warm oceanic currents.
2High depth of water needed => corals don't survive in very shallow water of coral in labkhdarp.
4Calco water conditions -> disturbance in warm like Tidal/tsunami cause destruction.
5Thermocline/Haloecline fuels should not be too deep, dead to destruction of coral calcium.
As per UNEP, 70% of corals are facing coral bleaching due to natural and anthropogenic factors.
Natural factors for coral degradation :
1Tsunami leading to coral destruction of lost Indian ocean tsunami cases destruction in Lakshadeep coral.
2Ocean warming due to natural sun spot cycle and milankovitch Oscillation.
3[Variable acidity/alkalinity] tends due to change in ocean's CO2 absorption.
5[Role of oceanic circulation] change in speed/salinity cause coral bleaching.
Anthropogenic causes :
1High GHG emission causing climate change and warming of oceans eg 40% coral threatened since 2016 (IMS)
2High water pollution due to wastewater release in oceans
3Unsustainable fishing disruption the oceanic ecosystem and biodiversity
4Role of Tourism in spreading pollution/disrupting habitat eg water tourism in ALN island. Coasts need to be protected by tackling GHG emissions through energy transition, using ocean fortification and outrusts regeneration techniques.
215 words14 paragraphs
Conclusion
Coasts need to be protected by tackling GHG emissions through energy transition, using ocean fortification and outrusts regeneration techniques.
19 words
- Correctly identifies symbiotic relationship
- Accurately describes coral reefs as rainforests of oceans
- Mentions specific location (Great Barrier Reef)
- Identifies temperature as key factor
- Includes depth as important parameter
Topper
Animesh Jain
AIR 63
Subject & Paper
GS1GS1
Topic
Salient features of World's Physical Geography
Marine Ecosystems and Geophysical Phenomena
Coral Reef Formation and Degradation
Writing Stats
261
Total words
14
Paragraphs