In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders? (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

In India, border security is managed by a flurry of agencies including: BSF, ITBP, Shastha Seema Bal, State Police, Indian Coast Guard, Navy, Army, Air Force

Considering the increasing wars of attack like lone-wolf, drones, etc., there is need for enhanced cooperation between border forces. Improving Cooperation – Terrestrial (1) Overarching bodies:- Including members of local police, BSF, etc. to discuss threats. (2) Developing Borders Wise Strategy:- Delineating first responders, jurisdiction, etc. clearly. (3) Improving International cooperation:- Eg- Assam Rifles - Tamadaw (Myanmar) joint operation against North East Insurgents. (4) Intelligence flow:- Setting up chain. Eg.- Police giving local intelligence, border forces providing information on border movements. (5) Better promoted avenues for ITBP, RSF, etc which are headed by IPS creating closes.

Improving Cooperation - Coastal (1) Providing necessary equipment:- State coastal police ill- equipped coast Guard.(ICG). (2) Integrating ICG/police within Navy's information Fusion Centre for seamless intelligence flow. (3) Inter deputation at officer level :- to understand working of other organisations. (4) Integrating locals via Village Defence Councils, Fishermen community acting as eyes & ears, etc. Integrated approach will help India effectively tackle new age threats & further its credentials of being a strong defence force.