शहरी ऊष्मा द्वीप (UHI) भारतीय शहरों में प्रमुख शहरी घटक है, जो गोंम लगभग (तीव्र प्रभाव) की आवृत्ति और गतिशीलता का विश्लेषण करते हैं तथा मौजूदा समाधान प्रदान करते हैं का आलोचनात्मक पूर्यांकन कीजिए। (15 अंक) / Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, describing the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies. (15 marks)

[Diagram showing urban buildings with heat differential: Ts (surrounding temperature) < Tu (urban temperature)]

This has led to:—

increasing in the intensity and frequency of heat waves by — capturing the heat and storing in the concreteised jungle.

Impacts:

Underlying factors contributing to UHI:

(i) Concretisation of areas — roads, pavements open areas.

(ii) Reduction in trees and green spaces like parks that absorb heat.

(iii) Tall structures that is increasing surface area for heat absorption.

(iv) Greater heat retention of the concrete areas.

(v) Increasing temperature due to global warming. (eg) UNEP — over 1.2°C rise already.

(vi) Increased no. of days of sunshine and lower rainfall — changing weather patterns due to climate change.

(vii) Exhaust emissions from cars — trapping heat in the cities.

(viii) Policy failure to address heat island effect.

(ix) Creation of heat dome.

Rising air pushed back down.