Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement(1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?

Revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) were seen in the incidents such as Kakori train robbery, Manikatolla garden conspiracy, bombing of the legislative assembly and killing of several prominent figures such as Col. Saunders.

There were in contrast to the Gandhian non-violent struggle:

Gandhian philosophy included:

However revolutionary movement was ideologically different because of the following:

Despite different approaches, there were similarities in the ideologies too:

A large body of students and teachers along with a host of books in the libraries.

Differences with modern universities:

i) Funded by multiple rulers over the years as opposed to centrally funded nuclear ones.

ii) Autonomous in their design and structure. They maintained their functions with full control.

iii) Catered to large batch of students

iv) Multi disciplinary in contrast with modern universities that focus on particular disciplines

v) Research work was underrated

Lessons that can be learnt by modern universities:

(I) Focus on dissemination of ideas, discourse and debate- a part of the process.

ii) Education as an end in itself rather than means to an end.

iii) Highly educated scholars taking up the functioning of teaching students

iv) Focus on research and development.

v) Multi disciplinary approach.

vi) Autonomy to the institution to manage their own affairs.

The Nalanda and Takshashila functioned as greater centers of learning and were functioning over several centuries.

The revival of Nalanda Mahavihara in Bihar with the help of several other centuries - such as Southeast Asian countries points to collaboration and revival of center culture of learning.