'शक्तियों के पृथक्करण' का सिद्धांत अमेरिकी संविधान की एक प्रमुख विशेषता है। इस संदर्भ में भारत के संविधान की कार्यात्मक शक्तियों का पृथक्करण अमेरिकी प्रणाली से कैसे भिन्न है? भारतीय संविधान में निरंक्षात्मक प्रणाली और जाँच-संतुलन व्यवस्था की क्या विशेषताएं हैं? (150 शब्द, 10 अंक) The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers? (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Separation of powers refers to the feature where different organs of polity have where different powers that do not interfere with each other.
23 words
Main Body
Difference in the feature:—
American Constitution vs Indian Constitution:
— Presidential form of government vs Parliamentary form of government
— Executive is not responsible to the legislature vs Executive is responsible to the legislature
— Different mode of election and of President and Congress vs Executive derived from the legislature
— Separate constitutional court for judicial review vs Supreme court functions as both court of appeal and constitutional court.
The American system is based on the complete separation of power whereas Indian system is based on checks and Balances system.
Advantages of check and Balances:
1. Keeps check on the powers of each organs by the other
2. Ensures rule of law
3. Discourages rule of the tyranny of the legislature
4. Prohibits judicial adventurism
These check and balances are ensured by:
The American system is based on the complete separation of power whereas Indian system is based on checks and Balances system.
Advantages of check and Balances:
These check and balances are ensured by:—
Conclusion
Checks and balances are integral feature of the Indian constitution enabling separation of power also enshrined Article 50.
18 words
Diagram
Two-column comparison table contrasting American Constitution (presidential system, separate executive, separate judicial review) with Indian Constitution (parliamentary system, responsible executive, integrated judicial review). Circular diagram showing advantages of checks and balances system.
- Clear structural comparison between two systems
- Well-organized table format for easy understanding
- Identifies specific mechanisms of checks and balances
- Distinguishes between rigid separation and functional separation
- References constitutional provisions (Article 50)
Aditya Agarwal
Separation of Powers
Comparison between American and Indian Constitutional System
Distinction between rigid separation and checks-and-balances system
307
Total words
8
Paragraphs
Formal, structured, academic
Tone