Throw light upon the importance of seals and seatings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.
Introduction
Indus-Valley Civilization was an advanced civilization that thrived in the region from 2600 BC - 1300 BC along Indus and its tributaries.
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Main Body
Importance of Seals & Seatings
I. Reconstruction of Socio-Economic life
O Used for Trade & Commerce: as shown by symbol & sigils engraved in Steatite seals. () Found in Lothal (Dock)
O Used for Teaching: shown in use of symbols like () Ψ or seal ()?
Religion & Priesthood.
O Used in Houses: as weights & seals for day-to-day affairs
II. Reconstruction of Religious life
O Religion: () IVC people visible in seals - () Pashupati seal.
O Shamanic Practices: practiced by people visible in some seals found in Suktagandis
O Cross-Border Exchanger: () religions of merchants & travellers as seen in seals () Ratehigarhti of Lothal.
O Religion Persuade: () IVC people living such seals found in many IVC cities in fair number.
Many known Harappan Settlement in Semi-Arid Region
I. Natural factors () Thar Desert: extending from Rajasthan to Gujarat had low rainfall
() Monsoon Variability: which had manmade source of water
II. Human factors () Embark Water Network: Built by Harappan to compensate for lack of water
() Rivers Settlement: Built by hives to ensure adequate water () Gaggar hier.
Conclusion
Indus Valley Seals & Seatings are a remarkable height of Harappans, and their value is still seen in World Heritage Site Recognition to Lothal by UNESCO.
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Diagram
Diagram showing IVC cities/sites including Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Robtgarhi, Dholavira and Thar desert location
- Good historical context with dates
- Clear structure with categorization
- Mentions specific artifacts and locations like Lothal
Aditya Mathur
Indian Culture
Indus Valley Civilization
Harappan seals, seatings and socio-economic reconstruction
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