स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत को कई युद्ध झेलने के लिए विवश किया गया था। हमारे द्विपक्षीय संबंध पर भारत-पाक और भारत-चीन द्वन्द्वों के कारण और प्रभाव, पर प्रभाव डालिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 15 अंक | India was forced into numerous wars post independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Indo-Pak Wars:

Year | Causes | Impact

1965: > Operation Gibralter > Signing of Shimla Agreement - by Pakistan. Agreed - UN > Bring insurrection | Mediated, line Converted to LoC in Kashmir. | > People-people connect disrupted.

) 'targeting Hindus) better relations with Begla in E. India Pakistan.

Pakistan. | > US Supported Pakistan while Russia supported India.

1999 | Pakistan trying | > Disruption in new to capture high initiatives like bus peaks vacated (Lahore - Punjab). by Indian Army | > Led to 'cold war' Development of Nuclear Weapons by both Countries.

Indo-China War:

Year | Cause | Impact

1962 > IIT demarcated | > China captured boundaries 38K km of Arunachal. > Forward policy | > Frictions along LAC by India. | > China's misunder- standing of India's Tibet plans even now. Eg- May 2020.

Although these were physical wars, today wars have expanded:

Current Impact:

To ensure peace in South Asia: both India & its neighbours need to come together to ensure peaceful bilateral relations via trade, Confidence Building Measures etc.