AM

Amrit MahapatraAIR 121

Question 13GS1GS1

[Question about low TFR and ageing population in Southern States]

Open scan (p.32)
AnswerStrengthsGapsKeywords

Introduction

The Southern States with a total fertility rate (TFR) averaging less than 2.1 have dropped below replacement levels and are emphasising on an ageing population.

25 words

Main Body

Factors Behind low TFR And Ageing Population

Increased access to education has fueled individualism.

Ex. Kerala - (100% literacy) one of the lowest TFRs.

Policies advocating women's freedom have led to increased autonomy.

Ex. Sumangali Scheme in TN.

Better access to contraceptives for women and state's stress on family planning.

Ex. Claudia Goldin's Study: Better women contraceptives, low TFR. More Income.

Out-migration of white collar workers to the US, UAE, EU etc.

Ageing Population of dependents.
Better healthcare infrastructure and primary care have ensured more life expectancy.

Impact on Economic Growth / Social Welfare Policies

Positive:

Can lead to increased per capita income in the shorter run.
Decrease uneven/unequal over resources leads to inclusive growth.
Better state capacity to support health and education of people.
Lower pressure on land - can be used for economic purposes.
NegativeDemographic dividend into curse with working population decline.
High dependency ratio - necessitated more government expenditure on pensions, old age homes.
Increased burden on State to finance consumption expenditure in longer run.
Economic potential with retirement at 60.
Way ForwardIncentives to increase TFR

Ex. AP CM's announcement.

Leverage the silver economy with robust policies for old-age professionals.
Ensure political reconciliation for clubs through equitable definition.

Thus, it is imperative to leverage the declining TFR while not falling into the trap of 'one child policy'.

238 words20 paragraphs

Conclusion

Thus, it is imperative to leverage the declining TFR while not falling into the trap of 'one child policy'.

19 words

  • Clear identification of multiple factors contributing to low TFR
  • Uses specific state examples (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
  • Connects education, women's autonomy, and access to contraceptives
  • Mentions specific scheme (Sumangali Scheme)

Open original scan

Page 32

Topper

Amrit Mahapatra

AIR 121

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Indian Society

Population Dynamics and Demographics

Low TFR and Ageing Population in Southern States

Writing Stats

282

Total words

20

Paragraphs

Analytical, policy-focused

Tone