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Q1
Passage summary:
Political theorists must take the history of injustice, such as untouchability, seriously. The idea of historical injustice covers a range of past wrongs that survive into the present in some form and tend to resist repair, for two reasons. First, the roots of injustice lie deep in history. Second, injustice hardens into economic structures of exploitation, ideologies of discrimination and modes of representation. The category also spans overlapping wrongs like economic deprivation, social discrimination and lack of recognition, where one wrong — generally discrimination — gains partial autonomy from the others. This complexity is borne out by the history of attempts to repair such injustice in India, where removing one form of wrong does not automatically remove the others.
What is the main idea that we can infer from the passage?
Political theorists must take the history of injustice, such as untouchability, seriously. The idea of historical injustice covers a range of past wrongs that survive into the present in some form and tend to resist repair, for two reasons. First, the roots of injustice lie deep in history. Second, injustice hardens into economic structures of exploitation, ideologies of discrimination and modes of representation. The category also spans overlapping wrongs like economic deprivation, social discrimination and lack of recognition, where one wrong — generally discrimination — gains partial autonomy from the others. This complexity is borne out by the history of attempts to repair such injustice in India, where removing one form of wrong does not automatically remove the others.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Removal of economic discrimination leads to removal of social discrimination.
2Democratic polity is the best way to repair historical wrongs.
Education plays a great transformatory role in life, especially in a rapidly changing and globalising world. Universities are the custodians of intellectual capital and promoters of culture and specialised knowledge. Culture is described as an activity of thought — receptiveness to beauty and humane feelings — while a merely well-informed person is called a bore on God's earth. The aim of education should be to produce people who possess both culture and expert knowledge. Expert knowledge gives them a firm ground to start from, and culture leads them as deep as philosophy and as high as art, together imparting meaning to human existence.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1A society without well educated people cannot be transformed into a modern society.
2Without acquiring culture, a person's education is not complete.
Soil, in which nearly all our food grows, is a living resource that takes years to form yet can vanish in minutes. Each year some 75 billion tonnes of fertile soil are lost to erosion, which is alarming not just for food producers but for everyone. Soil can trap huge quantities of carbon dioxide in the form of organic carbon and keep it from escaping into the atmosphere. Sustainable management of soils therefore serves two ends: protecting the food base and combating climate change. The passage does not blame erosion mainly on human activity or claim it is the major cause of world food insecurity.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Large scale soil erosion is a major reason for widespread food insecurity in the world.
2Soil erosion is mainly anthropogenic.
3Sustainable management of soils helps in combating climate change.
Inequality is visible and even statistically measurable in many instances, but the economic power that drives it is invisible and not measurable. Like the force of gravity, power is the organising principle of inequality — whether of income, wealth, gender, race, religion or region. Its effects are seen pervasively in all spheres of life, yet the ways in which economic power pulls and tilts visible economic variables remain invisibly obscure. The passage thus treats economic power as an unseen force best understood through its effects rather than direct empirical measurement, and stresses that it organises many kinds of inequality, not income alone.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Economic power is the only reason for the existence of inequality in a society.
2Inequality of different kinds, income, wealth, etc. reinforces power.
3Economic power can be analysed more through its effects than by direct empirical methods.
Climate change may benefit some plants through longer growing seasons and higher carbon dioxide, but other effects of a warmer world — more pests, droughts and flooding — will be less benign. Researchers project that by 2050, suitable croplands for four commodities — maize, potatoes, rice and wheat — will shift, in some cases pushing farmers to plant new crops. Some farmlands may benefit from warming while others will not. Climate alone does not dictate yields: political shifts, global demand and agricultural practices will also decide how farms fare. Farmers who modernise their methods and diversify their fields will therefore be in an advantageous position, rather than any single factor guaranteeing success.
Which one of the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
A bat's wings may look like sheets of skin, but underneath a bat has the same five fingers as an orangutan or a human. Its wrist connects to the same cluster of wrist bones, which connect to the same long bones of the arm. What is curious is that the grasping hand of a man, the digging hand of a mole, the leg of a horse, the paddle of a porpoise and the wing of a bat are all constructed on the same pattern, despite being used for very different work. This similarity of limb structure across species doing different jobs is presented as evidence of a shared evolutionary history — homology — rather than coincidence or mere biodiversity.
Which one of the following is the most logical, scientific and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
Around 56 million years ago the Atlantic had not fully opened, and animals — perhaps including our primate ancestors — could walk from Asia to North America through Europe and across Greenland. Earth was warmer than today, but at the Palaeocene–Eocene transition it got much warmer still, rapidly and radically, because of a massive, geologically sudden release of carbon — the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The carbon injected into the atmosphere then was roughly what would be released today if humans burned all reserves of coal, oil and natural gas. The PETM lasted about 150,000 years until the excess carbon was reabsorbed; it brought drought, floods, insect plagues and a few extinctions. Life survived and even prospered, but was drastically different, showing that warming can change the composition of Earth's flora and fauna.
Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Global warming has a bearing on the planet's biological evolution.
2Separation of land masses causes the release of huge quantities of carbon into the atmosphere.
3Increased warming of Earth's atmosphere can change the composition of its flora and fauna.
4The present man -made global warming will finally lead to conditions similar to those which happened 56 million years ago.
A solid cube is painted yellow, blue and black such that opposite faces are of same colour. The cube is then cut into 36 cubes of two different sizes such that 32 cubes are small and the other four cubes are big. None of the faces of the bigger cubes is pa inted blue. How many cubes have only one face painted?
A and B are two heavy steel blocks. If B is placed on the top of A, the weight increases by 60%. How much weight will reduce with respect to the total weight of A and B, if B is removed from the top of A?
Mr 'X' has three children. The birthday of the first child falls on the 5th Monday of April, that of the second one falls on the 5th Thursday of November. On which day is the birthday of his third child, which falls on 20th December?
Consider the following Statements and Conclusions: Statements-1: Some rats are cats. Statements-2: Some cats are dogs. Statements-3: No dog is a cow. Conclusions-I: No cow is a cat. Conclusions-II: No dog is a rat. Conclusions-III: Some cats are rats. Which of the above conclusions is/ are drawn from the statements?
With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar?
1Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection.
2Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and the revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary.
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In a school every student is assigned a unique identification number. A student is a football player if and only if the identification number is divisible by 4, whereas a student is a cricketer if and only if the identification number is divisible by 6. If every number from 1 to 100 is assigned to a student, then how many of them play cricket as well as football?
When a runner was crossing the 12 km mark, she was informed that she had completed only 80% of the race. How many kilometers was the runner supposed to run in this event?
Raju has Rs. 9000 with him and he wants to buy a mobile handset; but he finds that he has only 75% of the amount required to buy the handset. Therefore, he borrows Rs. 2000 from a friend. Then
Rakesh and Rajesh together bought 10 balls and 10 rackets. Rakesh spent Rs.1300 and Rajesh spent Rs. 1500. If each racket costs three times a ball does, then what is the price of a racket?
I na conference, out of a total 1 0 0 participants, 70 are Indians. If 60 of the total participants are vegetarian, then which of the following statements is/are correct?
1At least 30 Indian participants are vegetarian.
2At least 10 Indian participants are non-vegetarian.
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Low-end IoT devices are cheap commodity items, and addressing their security would add to the cost. This class of devices is proliferating with new applications: many home appliances, thermostats, security and monitoring devices and personal convenience devices are part of the IoT, along with fitness trackers, certain medical implants and computer-like devices in automobiles. The Internet of Things is expected to expand exponentially, but the new security challenges are daunting. The point is that as we go digital through cheap devices, we must recognise the huge threat to Internet security they carry.
Which one of the following statements is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
With the digital phenomenon restructuring most social sectors, global trade negotiations are now eyeing the digital area in an attempt to pre-emptively colonise it. Big Data is freely collected or mined from developing countries and converted into digital intelligence in developed countries. This intelligence then begins to control different sectors and extract monopoly rents. For instance, a large foreign company providing cab service is not a network of cars and drivers but digital intelligence about commuting, public transport, roads, traffic, city events and the behavioural characteristics of commuters and drivers. The corollary is that a country like India must protect its digital sovereignty in global trade talks rather than letting its data flow freely abroad.
Which one of the following is the most logical and rational corollary to the above passage?
With reference to the management of minor minerals in India, consider the following statements:
1Sand is a 'minor mineral' according to the prevailing law in the country.
2State Governments have the power to grant mining leases of minor minerals, but the powers regarding the formation of rules related to the grant of minor minerals lie with the Central Government.
3State Governments have the power to frame rules to prevent illegal mining of minor minerals.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With the digital phenomenon restructuring most social sectors, global trade negotiations are now eyeing the digital area in an attempt to pre-emptively colonise it. Big Data is freely collected or mined from developing countries and converted into digital intelligence in developed countries. This intelligence then begins to control different sectors and extract monopoly rents. For instance, a large foreign company providing cab service is not a network of cars and drivers but digital intelligence about commuting, public transport, roads, traffic, city events and the behavioural characteristics of commuters and drivers. The corollary is that a country like India must protect its digital sovereignty in global trade talks rather than letting its data flow freely abroad.
Which of the following is most definitively implied by the above passage?
The rural poor across the world, including in India, have contributed little to human-induced climate change yet are on the frontline of coping with its effects. Farmers can no longer rely on historical averages for rainfall and temperature, and more frequent and extreme weather events such as droughts and floods can spell disaster. New threats include sea-level rise and the impact of melting glaciers on water supply. Small farms are significant: as many as two billion people worldwide depend on them for food and livelihood. In India, small-holder farmers produce 41 percent of the country's food grains along with other foods that contribute to local and national food security. Supporting small farmers is therefore an important part of any agenda on environmentally sustainable development.
What is the most logical and rational corollary to the above passage?
The rural poor across the world, including in India, have contributed little to human-induced climate change yet are on the frontline of coping with its effects. Farmers can no longer rely on historical averages for rainfall and temperature, and more frequent and extreme weather events such as droughts and floods can spell disaster. New threats include sea-level rise and the impact of melting glaciers on water supply. Small farms are significant: as many as two billion people worldwide depend on them for food and livelihood. In India, small-holder farmers produce 41 percent of the country's food grains along with other foods that contribute to local and national food security. Supporting small farmers is therefore an important part of any agenda on environmentally sustainable development.
The above passage implies that
1There is a potential problem of food insecurity in India.
2India will have to strengthen its disaster management capabilities.
A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments — however reluctant — to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors' returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves and be left with stranded assets — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be hit by the economic damage of more extreme weather: storms, floods, heat waves and droughts. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face climate change, and ignoring it is a huge risk for investors.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.
2Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companies in future.
3Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors.
Access to schooling for school-age children is close to universal, but access to quality shows a sharp gradient with socio-economic status. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 introduced quotas for weaker sections in private schools. These quotas forced a debate on social integration and equity in education that private actors had largely escaped. The idea of an egalitarian education system with equality of opportunity as its primary goal appears to lie outside the world that private school principals inhabit, so the quotas have met resistance, sometimes justified. The passage neither endorses abolishing private schools nor claims the present system already delivers egalitarian education.
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Making equality of opportunity a reality is the fundamental goal of the Indian education system.
2The present Indian school system is unable to provide egalitarian education.
3Abolition of private schools and establishment of more government schools is the only way to ensure egalitarian education.
A majority of those infected with TB in India are poor, lacking sufficient nutrition and suitable housing, with little understanding of prevention. TB devastates families, makes the poor poorer, particularly affects women and children, and leads to ostracisation and loss of employment. Even if TB does not kill patients, hunger and poverty will. Deep-seated stigma, lack of counselling, expensive treatment and inadequate support from providers and family, along with torturous side effects, demotivate patients from continuing treatment — with disastrous health consequences. The crucial message is that curing TB requires more than diagnosis and medical treatment: it demands tackling poverty, stigma and the support systems around the patient.
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial message conveyed by the above passage?
A five -storeyed building with floors from I to V is painted using four different colours and only one colour is used to paint a floor. Consider the following statements:
1The middle three floors are painted in different colours.
2The second (II) and the fourth (IV) floors are painted in different colours.
3T he first (I) and the fifth (V) floors are painted red. To ensure that any two consecutive floors have different colours
P, Q and R are three towns. The distance between P a n d Q i s 6 0 k m, whereas the distance between P and R is 80 km. Q is in the West of P and R is in the South of P. What is the distance between Q and R?
All members of a club went to Mumbai and stayed in a hotel. On the first day, 80% went for shopping and 50% went for sightseeing, whereas 10% took rest in the hotel. Which of the following conclusion(s) can be drawn from the above data?
140% members went for shopping as well as sightseeing.
220% members went for only shopping.
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In a school, 60% students play cricket. A student who does not play cricket, plays football. Every football player has got a two -wheeler. Which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn from the above data?
160% of the students do not have two-wheelers.
2No cricketer has a two-wheeler.
3Cricket players do not play football.
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Seeta and Geeta go for a swim after a gap of every 2 days and every 3 days respectively. If on 1st January both of them went for a swim together, when will they go together next?
1Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.
2The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendation of the Ramsar Convention.
3The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
X, Y and Z are three contestants in a race of 1000 m. Assume that all run with different uniform speeds. X gives Y a start of 40 m and X gives Z a start of 64 m. If Y and Z were to compete in a race of 1000 m, how many meters start will Y give to Z?
Ena was born 4 years after her parents' marriage. Her mother is three years younger than her father and 24 years older than Ena, who is 13 years old. At what age did Ena's father get married?
1As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the bamboos grown on forest areas.
2As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest produce.
3The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forests Rights) Act, 2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to forest dwellers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Rakesh had money to buy 8 mobile handsets of a specific company. But the retailer offered very good discount on that particular handset. Rakesh could buy 10 mobile handsets with the amount he had. What was the discount the retailer offered?
4Odisha With reference to the States mentioned above, in terms of percentage of forest cover to the total area of the State, which one of the following is the correct ascending order?
The average marks of 100 students are given to be 40. It was found later that marks of one student were 53 which were misread as 83. The corrected mean marks are
What stands in the way of widespread and careful adoption of Genetic Modification technology is an Intellectual Property Rights regime that seeks to create private monopolies over such technologies. Where GM technology is largely corporate-driven, it aims to maximise profits in the short run, which is why corporations invest heavily in herbicide-tolerant and pest-resistant crops. Such traits have only a short window of usefulness, because pests and weeds will soon evolve to overcome the resistance — and that suits the corporations. The National Farmers Commission pointed out that priority in genetic modification must go to genes that impart resistance to drought, salinity and other stresses. The passage's crucial message is that public research institutions should take the lead in GM technology and set the agenda around farmers' real needs.
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial message conveyed by the above passage?
What stands in the way of widespread and careful adoption of Genetic Modification technology is an Intellectual Property Rights regime that seeks to create private monopolies over such technologies. Where GM technology is largely corporate-driven, it aims to maximise profits in the short run, which is why corporations invest heavily in herbicide-tolerant and pest-resistant crops. Such traits have only a short window of usefulness, because pests and weeds will soon evolve to overcome the resistance — and that suits the corporations. The National Farmers Commission pointed out that priority in genetic modification must go to genes that impart resistance to drought, salinity and other stresses. The passage's crucial message is that public research institutions should take the lead in GM technology and set the agenda around farmers' real needs.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1The issue of effects of natural calamities on agriculture is not given due consideration by GM technology companies.
2In the long run, GM technology will not be able to solve agricultural problems arising due to global warming.
Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very harmful: Britain's invasive plants are not widespread, do not spread especially quickly, and are often less of a nuisance than vigorous natives such as bracken. The arrival of new species almost always increases biological diversity in a region, and in many cases the flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise disturbed habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives — they are nature's opportunists. The logical inference is that campaigns against foreign plants are sometimes pointless, not that invasive species should be deliberately deployed or that protective laws are always unnecessary.
Which one of the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
Diarrhoeal deaths among Indian children are mostly due to food and water contamination. Contaminated groundwater, unsafe chemicals in agriculture, poor hygiene in storage and handling of food items, and food cooked and distributed in unhygienic surroundings are among the many factors involved. These call for regulation and monitoring, public awareness of adulteration, and accessible ways of complaining to the relevant authorities. Surveillance of food-borne diseases involves a number of government agencies and requires well-trained inspection staff. Considering how much of the urban population depends on street food for daily meals, investing in training and educating street vendors is of great significance.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Food safety is a complex issue that calls for a multipronged solution.
2Great investments need to be made in developing the manpower for surveillance and training.
3India needs to make sufficient legislation for governing food processing industry.
The interests of working and poor people have historically been neglected in the planning of our cities. Our cities are becoming increasingly intolerant, unsafe and unliveable places for large numbers of citizens, yet planning continues via the old ways — the static Development Plan that draws exclusively on technical expertise. Such planning is distanced from people's lived experiences and needs, and actively excludes large numbers of people, places, activities and practices that are integral to the city. The passage argues in favour of participation of people's groups in city planning, rather than for or against any single interest group.
A vast majority of Indians are poor, with barely 10 percent employed in the organised sector. We are being convinced that vigorous economic growth is generating substantial employment, but this is not so. When the economy grew at 3 percent per year, employment in the organised sector grew at 2 percent per year; as the economy began growing at 7–8 percent per year, organised-sector employment growth actually declined to 1 percent per year. Faster growth has thus coincided with slower job creation — growth without jobs. The passage implies that much of modern Indian growth does not nurture a sufficient symbiotic relationship with labour-intensive, natural resource-based livelihoods.
The above passage seems to imply that
1most of modern economic growth is based on technological progress.
2much of modern Indian economy does not nurture sufficient symbiotic relationship with labour - intensive, natural resource -based livelihoods.
3service sector in India is not very labour-intensive.
4literate rural population is not willing to enter organised sector.
India has banking correspondents who help bring people in the hinterland into the banking fold. For them to succeed, banks cannot crimp on costs, and they cannot afford to ignore investing in financial education and literacy. Banking correspondents are too small to be viewed as a systemic risk, yet India's banking regulator has restricted them to serving only one bank, perhaps to prevent arbitrage. Efforts at banking outreach may succeed only if there are better incentives at work for such last-mile workers and for providers who ensure not just basic bank accounts but also products such as accident and life insurance and micro pension schemes. The passage implies outreach efforts are not failing — they need better incentives and product depth.
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial inference that can be derived from the above passage?
A wall clock moves 10 minutes fast in every 24 hours. The clock was set right to show the correct time at 8: 0 0 a.m. on Monday. When the clock shows the time 6:00 p.m. on Wednesday, what is the correct time?
If the numerator and denominator of a proper fraction are increased by the same positive quantity which is greater than zero, the resulting fraction is
Which one of the following suggested that the Governor should be an eminent person from outside the State and should be a detached figure without intense political links or should not have taken part in politics in the recent past?
1The motion to impeach a Judge of the Supreme Court of India cannot be rejected by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha as per the Judges (Inquiry) Act 1968.
2The Constitution of India defines and gives details or what constitutes 'incapacity and proved misbehaviour' of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India.
3The details of the process of impeachment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India are given in the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.
4If the motion for the impeachment of a Judge is taken up for voting, the law requires the motion to be backed by each House of the Parliament and supported by a majority of total membership of that House and by not less than two-thirds of total members of that House present and voting.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In a group of 15 people; 7 can read French, 8 can read English while 3 of them can read neither of these two languages. The number of people who can read exactly one language is
With reference to the Constitution of India, prohibitions or limitations or provisions contained in ordinary laws cannot act as prohibitions or limitations on the constitutional powers under Article 142. It could mean which one of the following?
A family has two children along with their parents. The average of the weights of the children and their mother is 5 0 k g. T he average of the weights of the children and their father is 52 kg. If the weight of the father is 60 kg, then what is the weight of the mother?
Suppose you have sufficient amount of rupee currency in three denominations Rs. 1, Rs. 10 an d Rs. 50. In how many different ways can you pay a bill of 107?
Recently, India signed a deal known as 'Action Plan for Prioritisation and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field' with which of the following countries?
'A' started from his house and walked 20 m towards East, where his friend 'B' joined him. They together walked 10 m in the same direction. Then 'A' turned left while 'B' turned right and travelled 2 m and 8 m respectively. Again 'B' turned left to travel 4 m followed by 5 m to his right to reach his office. 'A' turned right and travelled 12 m to reach his office. What is the shortest distance between the two offices?
1The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air'.
2The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument.
3A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly.
4The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC.
Number 136 is added to 5B7 and the sum obtained is 7A3, where A and B are integers. It is given that 7A3 is exactly divisible by 3. The only possible value of B is
India's economic footprint, given its population, still remains small compared with the US, the European Union or China. India has much to learn from other economies, yet must implement solutions that fit its unique circumstances. It especially needs an effective long-term regulatory system based on collaboration rather than the current top-down approach. Regulations seek desirable outcomes but are repeatedly used as political tools to push one agenda or another, and often fail to consider impacts on jobs and economic growth — or less restrictive alternatives. They may protect local markets at the expense of wider shared prosperity and inevitably produce unintended consequences. In today's hyper-competitive global economy, regulations need to be seen as tools that seek cost-justified social and environmental benefits while improving the economic well-being of most citizens.
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial inference that can be derived from the above passage?
India's economic footprint, given its population, still remains small compared with the US, the European Union or China. India has much to learn from other economies, yet must implement solutions that fit its unique circumstances. It especially needs an effective long-term regulatory system based on collaboration rather than the current top-down approach. Regulations seek desirable outcomes but are repeatedly used as political tools to push one agenda or another, and often fail to consider impacts on jobs and economic growth — or less restrictive alternatives. They may protect local markets at the expense of wider shared prosperity and inevitably produce unintended consequences. In today's hyper-competitive global economy, regulations need to be seen as tools that seek cost-justified social and environmental benefits while improving the economic well-being of most citizens.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: In today's global economy,
1regulations are not effectively used to protect local markets.
2social and environmental concerns are generally ignored by the governments across the world while implementing the regulations.
In a study, scientists compared the microbiomes of poorly nourished and well nourished infants and young children, isolating gut microbes from faecal samples. The microbiome was immature and less diverse in malnourished children compared with the mature microbiome found in healthy children of the same age. Studies found that mother's milk contains a modified sugar, sialylated oligosaccharides, which the baby does not use for its own nutrition — instead, the bacteria making up the infant's microbiome thrive on it as their food. Malnourished mothers have low levels of this sugar in their milk, so their infants' microbiomes fail to mature, which in turn leads to malnourished babies. Research on the benign effects of gut bacteria on nutrition therefore has policy implications for tackling child malnutrition.
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial inference that can be derived from the above passage?
Which of the following is issued by registered foreign portfolio investors to overseas investors who want to be part of the Indian stock market without registering themselves directly?
In a study, scientists compared the microbiomes of poorly nourished and well nourished infants and young children, isolating gut microbes from faecal samples. The microbiome was immature and less diverse in malnourished children compared with the mature microbiome found in healthy children of the same age. Studies found that mother's milk contains a modified sugar, sialylated oligosaccharides, which the baby does not use for its own nutrition — instead, the bacteria making up the infant's microbiome thrive on it as their food. Malnourished mothers have low levels of this sugar in their milk, so their infants' microbiomes fail to mature, which in turn leads to malnourished babies. Research on the benign effects of gut bacteria on nutrition therefore has policy implications for tackling child malnutrition.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Processed probiotic foods are a solution to treat the children suffering from malnutrition due to immature gut bacteria composition.
2The babies of malnourished mothers generally tend to be malnourished.
Temperatures have risen nearly five times as rapidly on the Western Antarctic Peninsula as the global average over the past five decades. Researchers have now found that melting glaciers are causing a loss of species diversity among benthos — seafloor life — in the coastal waters off the Antarctic Peninsula, impacting an entire seafloor ecosystem. They believe increased levels of suspended sediment in the water, caused by glacial melt, are behind the dwindling biodiversity in the coastal region. The passage supports the assumptions that global warming can lead to seafloor sedimentation and that melting glaciers can reduce marine biodiversity in some areas.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Regions of glaciers warm faster than other regions due to global warming.
2Global warming can lead to seafloor sedimentation in some areas.
3Melting glaciers can reduce marine biodiversity in some areas.
A research team examined a long-term owl roost: since owls prey on small mammals, the excreted remains of those meals accumulated over time reveal the composition and structure of small-mammal communities over the past millennia. The research found that when Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment caused an enormous drop in biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past — humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.
2The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.
3Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience.
Among the agricultural commodities imported by India, which one of the following accounts for the highest imports in terms of value in the last five years? (2019)
Extinction of food varieties is happening all over the world, and fast. Of the 7,000 apple varieties grown during the nineteenth century, fewer than a hundred remain; in the Philippines, thousands of rice varieties once thrived, but now only up to a hundred are grown; in China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties cultivated just a century ago have disappeared. Farmers in the past painstakingly bred and developed crops well suited to the peculiarities of their local climate and environment. Recently, heavy dependence on a few high-yielding varieties and technology-driven production and distribution of food have caused the dwindling of diversity in food crops. If a mutating crop disease or future climate change decimates the few crops we depend on, we might desperately need the varieties we let go extinct — so food security may depend on preserving locally cultivated varieties.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1Humans have been the main reason for the large scale extinction of plant species.
2Consumption of food mainly from locally cultivated crops ensures crop diversity.
3The present style of production and distribution of food will finally lead to the problem of food scarcity in the near future.
4Our food security may depend on our ability to preserve the locally cultivated varieties of crops.
If every alternative letter of the English alphabet from B onwards (including B) is written in lower case (small letters) and the remaining letters are capitalized, then how is the first month of the second half of the year written?
Sunita cuts a sheet of paper into three pieces. Length of first piece is equal to the average of the three single digit odd prime numbers. Length of the second piece is equal to that of the first plus one-third the length of the third. The third piece is as long as the other two pieces together. The length of the original sheet of paper is
A joint family consists of seven members A, B, C, D, E, F and G with three females. G is a widow and sister - in-law of D's father F. B and D are siblings and A is daughter of B. C is cousin of B. Who is E?
1Wife of F
2Grandmother of A
3Aunt of C
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant 'blackholes' billions of light-years away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation?
With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference/differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)?
1LTE is commonly marketed as 3G and VoLTE is commonly marketed as advanced 3G.
2LTE is data-only technology and VoLTE is voice-only technology.
Recently, there was a growing awareness in our country about the importance of Himalayan Nettle (Girardinia Diversifolia) because it is found to be a sustainable source of:
Which of the following adopted a law on data protection and privacy for its citizens known as 'General Data Protection Regulation' in April 2016 and started implementation of it from 25th May, 2018?
The Reserve Bank of India's recent directives relating to 'Storage of Payment System Data, popularly known as data diktat, command the payment system providers that
1They shall ensure that entire data relating to payment systems operated by them are stored in a system only in India.
2They shall ensure that the systems are owned and operated by public sector enterprises.
3They shall submit the consolidated system audit report to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India by the end of the calendar year.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of which of the following do some scientists suggest the use of cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere?
