UPSC CSE Prelims · Previous Year Questions

UPSC Prelims PYQs 2013

All 100 questions from the UPSC Prelims 2013 paper, tagged by subject and topic.

1. Q1

   Consider the following statements- The Parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts.

   1. 1Consists of not more than 25 Members of the Lok Sabha.
   2. 2Scrutinizes appropriation and finance accounts of the Government.
   3. 3Examines the report of the Comptroller and Audi…
2. Q2

   Consider the following Bhakti Saints:

   1. 1Dadu Dayal
   2. 2Guru Nanak
   3. 3Tyagaraja Who among the above was/were preaching when the Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over? (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
3. Q3

   With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is/are known as decomposer organism/organisms?

   1. 1Virus
   2. 2Fungi
   3. 3Bacteria

   Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and…
4. Q4

   The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where (a) Warm and cold atmospheric currents meet (b) Rivers drain out large amounts of freshwater into the sea (c) Warm and cold oceanic currents meet (d) Continental shelf is undulating
5. Q5

   Which of the following is/are unique characteristic/characteristics of equatorial forests?

   1. 1Presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy
   2. 2Coexistence of a large number of species
   3. 3Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes…
6. Q6

   Which of the following constitute Capital Account?

   1. 1Foreign Loans
   2. 2Foreign Direct Investment
   3. 3Private Remittances
   4. 4Portfolio Investment

   Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
7. Q7

   Consider the following historical places:

   1. 1Ajanta Caves
   2. 2Lepakshi Temple
   3. 3Sanchi Stupa

   Which of the above places is/are also known for mural paintings? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
8. Q8

   With reference to the history of philosophical thought in India, consider the following statements regarding Sankhya school:

   1. 1Sankhya does not accept the theory of rebirth or transmigration of soul.
   2. 2Sankhya holds that it is the self-knowledge that leads t…
9. Q9

   In the context of India, which of the following principles is/are implied institutionally in the parliamentary government?

   1. 1Members of the Cabinet are Members of the Parliament.
   2. 2Ministers hold the office till they enjoy confidence in the Parliament.
   3. 3Ca…
10. Q10

    The annual range of temperature in the interior of the continents is high as compared to coastal areas. What is/are the reason/reasons?

    1. 1Thermal difference between land and water
    2. 2Variation in altitude between continents and oceans
    3. 3Presence of strong wi…
11. Q11

    Which of the following is/are the characteristic/characteristics of Indian coal?

    1. 1High ash content
    2. 2Low sulphur content
    3. 3Low ash fusion temperature

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,…
12. Q12

    Which of the following statements regarding laterite soils of India are correct?

    1. 1They are generally red in colour.
    2. 2They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
    3. 3They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
    4. 4Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.…
13. Q13

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana beds.
    2. 2Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma.
    3. 3Dharwars are famous for petroleum.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) None
14. Q14

    Consider the following crops:

    1. 1Cotton
    2. 2Groundnut
    3. 3Rice
    4. 4Wheat

    Which of these are Kharif crops? (a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
15. Q15

    "Climate is extreme, rainfall is scanty and the people used to be nomadic herders." The above statement best describes which of the following regions? (a) African Savannah (b) Central Asian Steppe (c) North American Prairie (d) Siberian Tundra
16. Q16

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1Inflation benefits the debtors.
    2. 2Inflation benefits the bond-holders.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
17. Q17

    Disguised unemployment generally means (a) Large number of people remain unemployed (b) Alternative employment is not available (c) Marginal productivity of labour is zero (d) Productivity of workers is low
18. Q18

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1The Council of Ministers in the Centre shall be collectively responsible to the Parliament.
    2. 2The Union Ministers shall hold the office during the pleasure of the President of India.
    3. 3The Prime Minister shall communicat…
19. Q19

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1National Development Council is an organ of the Planning Commission.
    2. 2The Economic and Social Planning is kept in the Concurrent List in the Constitution of India.
    3. 3The Constitution of India prescribes that Panchayats…
20. Q20

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha are not the members of that House.
    2. 2While the nominated members of the two Houses of the Parliament have no voting right in the presidential election, they have the…
21. Q21

    With reference to National Legal Services Authority consider the following statements:

    1. 1Its objective is to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker section of the society on the basis of equal opportunity.
    2. 2It issues guidelines for the Stat…
22. Q22

    During a thunderstorm, the thunder in the skies is produced by the

    1. 1Meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in the sky.
    2. 2Lightning that separates the nimbus clouds.
    3. 3Violent upward movement of air and water particles.

    Select the correct answer using the codes giv…
23. Q23

    Consider the following pairs: Tribe — State

    1. 1Limboo (Limbu) — Sikkim
    2. 2Karbi — Himachal Pradesh
    3. 3Dongaria Kondh — Odisha
    4. 4Bonda — Tamil Nadu

    Which of the above pairs are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2,…
24. Q24

    Consider the following liquid assets:

    1. 1Demand deposits with the banks
    2. 2Time deposits with the banks
    3. 3Savings deposits with the banks
    4. 4Currency The correct sequence of these assets in the decreasing order of liquidity is (a) 1–4–3–2 (b) 4–3–2–1 (c) 2–3–…
25. Q25

    In the context of Indian economy, 'Open Market Operations' refers to (a) Borrowing by scheduled banks from the RBI (b) Lending by commercial banks to industry and trade (c) Purchase and sale of government securities by the RBI (d) None of the above
26. Q26

    Priority Sector Lending by banks in India constitutes the lending to (a) Agriculture (b) Micro and small enterprises (c) Weaker sections (d) All of the above
27. Q27

    Which one among the following industries is the maximum consumer of water in India? (a) Engineering (b) Paper and pulp (c) Textiles (d) Thermal power
28. Q28

    To obtain full benefits of demographic dividend, what should India do? (a) Promoting skill development (b) Introducing more social security schemes (c) Reducing infant mortality rate (d) Privatization of higher education
29. Q29

    In the context of cultural history of India, a pose in dance and dramatics called 'Tribhanga' has been a favourite of Indian artists from ancient times till today. Which one of the following statements best describes this pose? (a) One leg is bent and the body…
30. Q30

    Annie Besant was

    1. 1Responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement
    2. 2The founder of the Theosophical Society
    3. 3Once the President of the Indian National Congress

    Select the correct statement/statements using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 onl…
31. Q31

    The Ilbert Bill controversy was related to the (a) Imposition of certain restrictions to carry arms by the Indians (b) Imposition of restrictions on newspapers and magazines published in Indian languages (c) Removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian m…
32. Q32

    A rise in general level of prices may be caused by

    1. 1An increase in the money supply
    2. 2A decrease in the aggregate level of output
    3. 3An increase in the effective demand

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2…
33. Q33

    Which one of the following groups of items is included in India's foreign-exchange reserves? (a) Foreign-currency assets, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and loans from foreign countries (b) Foreign-currency assets, gold holdings of the RBI and SDRs (c) Foreign-…
34. Q34

    Which one of the following is likely to be the most inflationary in its effect? (a) Repayment of public debt (b) Borrowing from the public to finance a budget deficit (c) Borrowings from banks to finance a budget deficit (d) Creating new money to finance a bud…
35. Q35

    Supply of money remaining the same when there is an increase in demand for money, there will be (a) a fall in the level of prices (b) an increase in the rate of interest (c) a decrease in the rate of interest (d) an increase in the level of income and employme…
36. Q36

    Fruits stored in a cold chamber exhibit longer storage life because (a) exposure to sunlight is prevented (b) concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment is increased (c) rate of respiration is decreased (d) there is an increase in humidity
37. Q37

    Consider the following fauna of India:

    1. 1Gharial
    2. 2Leatherback turtle
    3. 3Swamp deer

    Which of the above is/are endangered? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
38. Q38

    Ball bearings are used in bicycles, cars, etc., because (a) the actual area of contact between the wheel and axle is increased (b) the effective area of contact between the wheel and axle is increased (c) the effective area of contact between the wheel and axl…
39. Q39

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1Size of the sun at dusk
    2. 2Colour of the sun at dawn
    3. 3Moon being visible at dawn
    4. 4Twinkle of stars in the sky
    5. 5Polestar being visible in the sky

    Which of the above are optical illusions? (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3, 4 and 5…
40. Q40

    Rainbow is produced when sunlight falls on drops of rain. Which of the following physical phenomena are responsible for this?

    1. 1Dispersion
    2. 2Refraction
    3. 3Internal reflection

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3…
41. Q41

    Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because (a) the new soil does not contain favourable minerals (b) most of the root hairs grip the new soil too hard (c) most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation (d) leaves get damaged during transplantation
42. Q42

    Economic growth in country X will necessarily have to occur if (a) there is technical progress in the world economy (b) there is population growth in X (c) there is capital formation in X (d) the volume of trade grows in the world economy
43. Q43

    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    1. 1Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy
    2. 2Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium.
    3. 3Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only Select the c…
44. Q44

    Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss?

    1. 1Hard and waxy leaves
    2. 2Tiny leaves or no leaves
    3. 3Thorns instead of leaves

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c)…
45. Q45

    The known forces of nature can be divided into four classes, viz., gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force. With reference to them, which one of the following statements is not correct? (a) Gravity is the strongest of the four (b…
46. Q46

    The efforts to detect the existence of Higgs boson particle have become frequent news in the recent past. What is/are the importance/importances of discovering this particle?

    1. 1It will enable us to understand as to why elementary particles have mass.
    2. 2It wi…
47. Q47

    Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables the plants to

    1. 1Resist drought and increase absorptive area
    2. 2Tolerate extremes of pH
    3. 3Resist disease infestation

    Select the correct answer using the codes…
48. Q48

    Who among the following constitute the National Development Council?

    1. 1The Prime Minister
    2. 2The Chairman, Finance Commission
    3. 3Ministers of the Union Cabinet
    4. 4Chief Ministers of the States

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1, 2 an…
49. Q49

    The national income of a country for a given period is equal to the (a) total value of goods and services produced by the nationals (b) sum of total consumption and investment expenditure (c) sum of personal income of all individuals (d) money value of final g…
50. Q50

    Which of the following grants/grant direct credit assistance to rural households?

    1. 1Regional Rural Banks
    2. 2National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
    3. 3Land Development Banks

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 and 2 only (…
51. Q51

    What will follow if a Money Bill is substantially amended by the Rajya Sabha? (a) The Lok Sabha may still proceed with the Bill, accepting or not accepting the recommendations of the Rajya Sabha (b) The Lok Sabha cannot consider the Bill further (c) The Lok Sa…
52. Q52

    Which one of the following statements is correct? (a) In India, the same person cannot be appointed as Governor for two or more States at the same time. (b) The Judges of the High Court of the States in India are appointed by the Governor of the State just as…
53. Q53

    Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? Geographical Feature — Region (a) Abyssinian Plateau — Arabia (b) Atlas Mountains — North-Western Africa (c) Guiana Highlands — South-Western Africa (d) Okavango Basin — Patagonia
54. Q54

    With reference to the history of Indian rock-cut architecture, consider the following statements:

    1. 1The cases at Badami are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India.
    2. 2The Barabar rock-cut caves were originally made for Ajivikas by Emperor Chandragupta M…
55. Q55

    Recombination DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) allows genes to be transferred

    1. 1across different species of plants
    2. 2from animals to plants
    3. 3from microorganisms to higher organisms

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2…
56. Q56

    The Chinese traveler Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang) who visited India recorded the general conditions and culture of India at that time. In this context, which of the following statements is/are correct?

    1. 1The roads and river-routes were completely immune from rob…
57. Q57

    Consider the following:

    1. 1Star tortoise
    2. 2Monitor lizard
    3. 3Pygmy hog
    4. 4Spider monkey

    Which of the above are naturally found in India? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
58. Q58

    Which of the following can be found as pollutants in the drinking water in some parts of India?

    1. 1Arsenic
    2. 2Sorbitol
    3. 3Fluoride
    4. 4Formaldehyde
    5. 5Uranium

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2, 4 and 5 only (c) 1, 3 a…
59. Q59

    With reference to Indian History, the Members of the Constituent Assembly from the Provinces were (a) directly elected by the people of those Provinces (b) nominated by the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League (c) elected by the Provincial Legislativ…
60. Q60

    Consider the following animals:

    1. 1Sea cow
    2. 2Sea horse
    3. 3Sea lion

    Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
61. Q61

    Consider the following statements:

    1. 1An amendment to the Constitution of India can be initiated by an introduction of a bill in the Lok Sabha only.
    2. 2If such an amendment seeks to make changes in the federal character of the Constitution, the amendment also…
62. Q62

    Consider the following statements: Attorney General of India can

    1. 1take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha
    2. 2be a member of a committee of the Lok Sabha
    3. 3speak in the Lok Sabha
    4. 4vote in the Lok Sabha

    Which of the statements given above is/are corre…
63. Q63

    With reference to the usefulness of the by-products of sugar industry, which of the following statements is/are correct?

    1. 1Bagasse can be used as biomass fuel for the generation of energy.
    2. 2Molasses can be used as one of the feedstocks for the production of…
64. Q64

    Variations in the length of daytime and nighttime from season to season are due to (a) the earth's rotation on its axis (b) the earth's revolution round the sun in an elliptical manner (c) latitudinal position of the place (d) revolution of the earth on a tilt…
65. Q65

    The Narmada river flows to the west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow to the east. Why?

    1. 1It occupies a linear rift valley.
    2. 2It flows between the Vindhyas and the Satpuras.
    3. 3The land slopes to the west from Central India.

    Select the correct a…
66. Q66

    On the planet earth, most of the freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers. Out of the remaining freshwater, the largest proportion (a) is bound in atmosphere as moisture and clouds (b) is found in freshwater lakes and rivers (c) exists as groundwater (d) exi…
67. Q67

    Consider the following pairs:

    1. 1Nokrek Biosphere Reserve — Garo Hills
    2. 2Logtak (Loktak) Lake — Barail Range
    3. 3Namdapha National Park — Dafla Hills

    Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
68. Q68

    Consider the following:

    1. 1Electromagnetic radiation
    2. 2Geothermal energy
    3. 3Gravitational force
    4. 4Plate movements
    5. 5Rotation of the earth
    6. 6Revolution of the earth

    Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?…
69. Q69

    Which of the following bodies does not/do not find mention in the Constitution?

    1. 1National Development Council
    2. 2Planning Commission
    3. 3Zonal Councils

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,…
70. Q70

    The demand for the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal was for (a) the reduction of the share of the landlords from one-half of the crop to one-third (b) the grant of ownership of land to peasants as they were the actual cultivators of the land. (c) the uprooti…
71. Q71

    The Parliament can make any law for whole or any part of India for implementing International treaties (a) with the consent of all the States (b) with the consent of the majority of States (c) with the consent of the States concerned (d) without the consent of…
72. Q72

    In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses as a part of an ecological succession because of (a) insects and fungi (b) limited sunlight and paucity of nutrients (c) water limits and fire (d) None of the above
73. Q73

    Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity? (a) Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves (b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes (c) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans (d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, g…
74. Q74

    Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in (a) desert margins, liable to strong wind action (b) low flat plains, close to stream courses, liable to flooding (c) scrublands, liable to spread of weed growth (d) None of the above
75. Q75

    The Government enacted, the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act in 1996. Which one of the following is not identified as its objective? (a) To provided self-governance (b) To recognize traditional rights (c) To create autonomous regions in tribal…
76. Q76

    Under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, who shall be the authority to initiate the process for determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights or both? (a) State Fore…
77. Q77

    Improper handling and storage of cereal grains and oilseeds result in the production of toxins known as aflatoxins which are not generally destroyed by normal cooking process. Aflatoxins are produced by (a) bacteria (b) protozoa (c) moulds (d) viruses
78. Q78

    'Economic Justice' as one of the objectives of the Indian Constitutional has been provided in (a) the Preamble and the Fundamental Rights (b) the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy (c) the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Rights and the…
79. Q79

    Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste?

    1. 1Beryllium
    2. 2Cadmium
    3. 3Chromium
    4. 4Heptachlor
    5. 5Mercury
    6. 6Lead
    7. 7Plutonium

    Select the correct answer u…
80. Q80

    Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by (a) carbon dioxide and nitrogen (b) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (c) ozone and carbon dioxide (d) nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide
81. Q81

    With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements:

    1. 1A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other.
    2. 2Food chains are found within the populations of a species.
    3. 3A food chain illustrates…
82. Q82

    Consider the following pairs: National Park — River flowing through the Park

    1. 1Corbett National Park — Ganga
    2. 2Kaziranga National Park — Manas
    3. 3Silent Valley National Park — Kaveri

    Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 only (…
83. Q83

    Consider the following organisms:

    1. 1Agaricus
    2. 2Nostoc
    3. 3Spirogyra

    Which of the above is/are used as biofertilizer/biofertilizers? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
84. Q84

    Which of the following adds/add nitrogen to the soil?

    1. 1Excretion of urea by animals
    2. 2Burning of coal by man
    3. 3Death of vegetation

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
85. Q85

    In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat?

    1. 1Tamil Nadu
    2. 2Kerala
    3. 3Karnataka
    4. 4Andhra Pradesh

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 a…
86. Q86

    Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two? (a) Vihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks (b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is…
87. Q87

    Which one of the following describes best the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism? (a) The extinction of the flame of desire (b) The complete annihilation of self (c) A state of bliss and rest (d) A mental stage beyond all comprehension
88. Q88

    According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the governance of the country? (a) Fundamental Rights (b) Fundamental Duties (c) Directive Principles of State Policy (d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties
89. Q89

    The people of India agitated against the arrival of Simon Commission because (a) Indians never wanted the review of the working of the Act of 1919 (b) Simon Commission recommended the abolition of Dyarchy in the Provinces (c) There was no Indian member in the…
90. Q90

    Quit India Movement was launched in response to (a) Cabinet Mission Plan (b) Cripps Proposals (c) Simon Commission Report (d) Wavell Plan
91. Q91

    The balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of (a) all import and export transactions of a country during a given period of time, normally a year (b) goods exported from a country during a year (c) economic transaction between the government of…
92. Q92

    The Reserve Bank of India regulates the commercial banks in matters of

    1. 1liquidity of assets
    2. 2branch expansion
    3. 3merger of banks
    4. 4winding-up of banks

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and…
93. Q93

    An increase in the Bank Rate generally indicates that the (a) market rate of interest is likely to fall (b) Central Bank is no longer making loans to commercial banks (c) Central Bank is following an easy money policy (d) Central Bank is following a tight mone…
94. Q94

    In India, deficit financing is used for raising resources for (a) economic development (b) redemption of public debt (c) adjusting the balance of payments (d) reducing the foreign debt
95. Q95

    Which of the following characterizes/characterize the people of Indus Civilization?

    1. 1They possessed great palaces and temples.
    2. 2They worshipped both male and female deities.
    3. 3They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.

    Select the correct statement/sta…
96. Q96

    Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing?

    1. 1Chikungunya
    2. 2Hepatitis B
    3. 3HIV-AIDS

    Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
97. Q97

    Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain doctrine?

    1. 1The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance.
    2. 2Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul.
    3. 3Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.

    Select the correct…
98. Q98

    Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism, but also its functional role in the community of organisms? (a) Ecotone (b) Ecological niche (c) Habitat (d) Home range
99. Q99

    Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among (a) NO2, O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight (b) CO, O2 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight (c) CO, CO2 and NO2 at low temperature (d) high concentration of NO2, O3 an…
100. Q100

     Consider the following minerals:

     1. 1Calcium
     2. 2Iron
     3. 3Sodium

     Which of the minerals given above is/are required by human body for the contraction of muscles? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3