UPSC Prelims 2011 Question Paper with Answers

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1. Q1

   Passage:

   For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.

   Question: According to the passage:

   1. 1The objective of inclusive growth was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation.
   2. 2Need of the hour is to have an enabling Government.
   3. 3The Government should engage in maximum interference in market processes.
   4. 4There is a need to change the size of the Government.

   Which of the statements given above are correct ?

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2. Q2

   Passage:

   For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.

   Question: According to the passage, the strategy of inclusive growth can be effected by focussing on

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3. Q3

   Passage:

   For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.

   Question: What constitutes an enabling Government?

   1. 1A large bureaucracy.
   2. 2Implementation of welfare programmes through representatives.
   3. 3Creating an ethos that helps individual enterprise
   4. 4Providing resources to those who are underprivileged.
   5. 5Offering direct help to the poor regarding basic services.

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4. Q4

   Passage:

   For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.

   Question: Why is the State unable to deliver "all that is needed"?

   1. 1It does not have sufficient bureaucracy.
   2. 2It does not promote inclusive growth.

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5. Q5

   Passage:

   For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.

   Question: What is the essential message being conveyed by the author of the passage?

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6. Q6

   Passage:

   The concept of 'creative society' refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country.

   Question: What does the author imply by "creative society"?

   1. 1A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive.
   2. 2A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.
   3. 3A society where a large number of contradictions are recognised.
   4. 4A society where' the exploited and the oppressed groups grow conscious of their human rights and upliftment.

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7. Q7

   Passage:

   The concept of 'creative society' refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country.

   Question: What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movements?

   1. 1Aggressiveness and being incendiary.
   2. 2Instigation by external forces.
   3. 3Quest for social equality and individual freedom.
   4. 4Urge for granting privileges and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society.

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8. Q8

   Passage:

   The concept of 'creative society' refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country.

   Question: With reference to the passage consider the following statements:

   1. 1To be a creative society, it is essential to have a variety of social movements.
   2. 2To be a creative society, it is imperative to have potential contradictions and conflicts.

   Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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9. Q9

   Consider the following three statements:

   1. 1Only students can participate in the race.
   2. 2Some participants in the race are girls.
   3. 3All girl participants in the race are invited for coaching.

   Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?

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10. Q10

    Directions for the following 2 (two) items: Each of the following two items consists of four statements. Of these four statements, two cannot both be true, but both can be false. Study the statements carefully and identify the two that satisfy the above condition. Select the correct answer using the codes given below each set of statements : Examine the following statements:

    1. 1All animals are carnivorous.
    2. 2Some animals are not carnivorous.
    3. 3Animals are not carnivorous.
    4. 4Some animals are carnivorous. Codes:

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11. Q11

    Directions for the following 2 (two) items: Each of the following two items consists of four statements. Of these four statements, two cannot both be true, but both can be false. Study the statements carefully and identify the two that satisfy the above condition. Select the correct answer using the codes given below each set of statements : Examine the following statements:

    1. 1All trains are run by diesel engine.
    2. 2Some trains are run by diesel engine.
    3. 3No train is run by diesel engine.
    4. 4Some trains are not run by diesel engine. Codes:

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12. Q12

    Consider the four age pyramids given below [Figure: four age pyramids labelled A, B, C and D (horizontal axis: percent in age class; vertical axis: age). A is a broad-based triangle, B a narrower triangle, C is pentagon-shaped with a narrower base widening upward, and D is dome/beehive-shaped.] namely A, B, C and D representing four different countries. Which one of them indicates the declining population ?

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13. Q13

    The followings figures has four curves namely A, B, C and D, Study the figure [Figure: population (in billions) versus year (0 to 2000 AD). Curve A rises then flattens around 1800; curve B rises steadily; curve C is J-shaped, rising slowly at first and then ever faster; curve D stays near zero until about 1900 and then shoots up steeply.] and answer the item that follows. Which curve indicates the exponential growth ?

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14. Q14

    Directions for the following 2 (two) items: The following pie charts show the break-up of disease categories recorded in the patients from two towns, Town A and Town B. Pie charts plot the disease Categories as percentage of the total number of patients. [Figure: two pie charts. Distribution of diseases in Town A (shares sum to 100%): Diabetes 18%, High BP 13%, Heart Disease 22%, Obesity 34%, Others 13%. Distribution of diseases in Town B (shares sum to 121%): Diabetes 24%, High BP 19%, Heart Disease 30%, Obesity 28%, Others 20%. The pie charts plot disease categories as percentage of the total number of patients.] Based on these, answer the two items that follow the charts. Which of the two towns has a higher number of persons with Diabetes?

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15. Q15

    Directions for the following 2 (two) items: The following pie charts show the break-up of disease categories recorded in the patients from two towns, Town A and Town B. Pie charts plot the disease Categories as percentage of the total number of patients. [Figure: two pie charts. Distribution of diseases in Town A (shares sum to 100%): Diabetes 18%, High BP 13%, Heart Disease 22%, Obesity 34%, Others 13%. Distribution of diseases in Town B (shares sum to 121%): Diabetes 24%, High BP 19%, Heart Disease 30%, Obesity 28%, Others 20%. The pie charts plot disease categories as percentage of the total number of patients.] Based on these, answer the two items that follow the charts. What can we say about persons with more than one disease from these graphs ?

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16. Q16

    Consider the following Velocity-Time graph. It shows two trains starting simultaneously on parallel tracks. [Figure: velocity-time graph. Two curves start at the origin; Train B's curve lies above Train A's at all times, and both reach the same velocity at time t0 (the curves meet at t0).] With reference to the above graph, which one of the following statements is not correct ?

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17. Q17

    Passage:

    Ecosystems provide people with a variety of goods and services; food, clean water, clean air, flood control, soil stabilization, pollination, climate regulation, spiritual fulfilment and aesthetic enjoyment, to name just a few. Most of these benefits either are irreplaceable or the technology necessary to replace them is prohibitively expensive. For example, potable fresh water can be provided by desalinating sea-water, but only at great cost. The rapidly expanding human population has greatly modified the Earth's ecosystems to meet their increased requirements of some of the goods and services, particularly food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel. These modifications have contributed substantially to human well being and economic development. The benefits have not been equally distributed. Some people have actually been harmed by these changes. Moreover, short-term increases in some ecosystem goods and services have come at the cost of the long-term degradation of others. For example, efforts to increase the production of food and fibre have decreased the ability of some ecosystems to provide clean water, regulate flooding and support biodiversity.

    Question: Expanding human' population has an adverse effect on:

    1. 1Spiritual fulfilment
    2. 2Aesthetic enjoyment
    3. 3Potable fresh water
    4. 4Production of food and fibre
    5. 5Biodiversity Which of the statements given above are correct ?

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18. Q18

    Passage:

    Ecosystems provide people with a variety of goods and services; food, clean water, clean air, flood control, soil stabilization, pollination, climate regulation, spiritual fulfilment and aesthetic enjoyment, to name just a few. Most of these benefits either are irreplaceable or the technology necessary to replace them is prohibitively expensive. For example, potable fresh water can be provided by desalinating sea-water, but only at great cost. The rapidly expanding human population has greatly modified the Earth's ecosystems to meet their increased requirements of some of the goods and services, particularly food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel. These modifications have contributed substantially to human well being and economic development. The benefits have not been equally distributed. Some people have actually been harmed by these changes. Moreover, short-term increases in some ecosystem goods and services have come at the cost of the long-term degradation of others. For example, efforts to increase the production of food and fibre have decreased the ability of some ecosystems to provide clean water, regulate flooding and support biodiversity.

    Question: The passage mentions that "some people have actually been harmed by these changes." What does it imply?

    1. 1The rapid expansion of population has adversely affected some people.
    2. 2Sufficient efforts have not been made to increase the production of food and fibre.
    3. 3In the short term some people may be harmed, but in the long term everyone will benefit from modifications In the Earth's ecosystems.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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19. Q19

    Passage:

    Ecosystems provide people with a variety of goods and services; food, clean water, clean air, flood control, soil stabilization, pollination, climate regulation, spiritual fulfilment and aesthetic enjoyment, to name just a few. Most of these benefits either are irreplaceable or the technology necessary to replace them is prohibitively expensive. For example, potable fresh water can be provided by desalinating sea-water, but only at great cost. The rapidly expanding human population has greatly modified the Earth's ecosystems to meet their increased requirements of some of the goods and services, particularly food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel. These modifications have contributed substantially to human well being and economic development. The benefits have not been equally distributed. Some people have actually been harmed by these changes. Moreover, short-term increases in some ecosystem goods and services have come at the cost of the long-term degradation of others. For example, efforts to increase the production of food and fibre have decreased the ability of some ecosystems to provide clean water, regulate flooding and support biodiversity.

    Question: It is imperative to modify the Earth's ecosystems for the well being of mankind. 2. Technology can never replace all the goods and services provided by ecosystems. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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20. Q20

    Passage:

    A moral act must be our own act; must spring from our own will. If we act mechanically, there is no moral content in our act. Such action would be moral, if we think it proper to act like a machine and do so. For, in doing so, we use our discrimination. We should bear in mind the distinction between acting mechanically and acting intentionally. It may be moral of a king to pardon a culprit. But the messenger carrying out the order of pardon plays only a mechanical part in the king's moral act. But if the messenger were to carry out the king's order considering it to be his duty, his action would be a moral one. How can a man understand morality who does not use his own intelligence and power of thought, but lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current? Sometimes a man defies convention and acts on his own with a view to absolute good.

    Question: Which of the following statements best describe/describes the thought of the writer?

    1. 1A moral act calls for using our discretion.
    2. 2Man should react to a situation immediately.
    3. 3Man must do his duty.
    4. 4Man should be able to defy convention in order to be moral.

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21. Q21

    Passage:

    A moral act must be our own act; must spring from our own will. If we act mechanically, there is no moral content in our act. Such action would be moral, if we think it proper to act like a machine and do so. For, in doing so, we use our discrimination. We should bear in mind the distinction between acting mechanically and acting intentionally. It may be moral of a king to pardon a culprit. But the messenger carrying out the order of pardon plays only a mechanical part in the king's moral act. But if the messenger were to carry out the king's order considering it to be his duty, his action would be a moral one. How can a man understand morality who does not use his own intelligence and power of thought, but lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current? Sometimes a man defies convention and acts on his own with a view to absolute good.

    Question: Which of the following statements is the nearest definition of moral action, according to the writer ?

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22. Q22

    Passage:

    A moral act must be our own act; must spring from our own will. If we act mechanically, there is no moral content in our act. Such action would be moral, if we think it proper to act like a machine and do so. For, in doing so, we use our discrimination. We should bear in mind the distinction between acting mechanically and acting intentionally. It may be moral of a king to pardon a culprit. But the messenger carrying out the order of pardon plays only a mechanical part in the king's moral act. But if the messenger were to carry out the king's order considering it to be his duty, his action would be a moral one. How can a man understand morality who does not use his own intelligence and power of thought, but lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current? Sometimes a man defies convention and acts on his own with a view to absolute good.

    Question: The passage contains a statement "lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current." Among the following statements, which is/are nearest in meaning to this?

    1. 1A person does not use his own reason.
    2. 2He is susceptible to influence/pressure.
    3. 3He cannot withstand difficulties/challenges.
    4. 4He is like a log of wood.

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23. Q23

    Consider the following distance - time graph. The graph shows three athletes A, B and C running side by side for a 30 km race. [Figure: distance (km) on the x-axis versus time (minutes) on the y-axis for athletes A, B and C in a 30 km race. A's curve reaches 30 km in the least time (just under 30 min); B's curve lies below A's (less elapsed time) up to about 25 km but finishes later; C's curve ends before reaching 30 km (C does not finish).] With reference to the above graph consider the following statements :

    1. 1the race was won by A.
    2. 2B was ahead of A up to 25 km mark.
    3. 3C ran very slowly from the beginning.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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24. Q24

    Consider the following figures: [Figure: two 2x2 grids. First grid: top-left 2, top-right 6, bottom-left 80, bottom-right 24. Second grid: top-left 3, top-right ?, bottom-left 120, bottom-right 36.] What is the missing number?

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25. Q25

    Study the following figure: [Figure: a 2x2 square grid of lines; point A is at the top-left corner and point B at the bottom-right corner.] A person goes from A to B always moving to the right or downwards along the lines. How many different routes can he adopt? Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

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26. Q26

    Consider the following figure and answer the item that follows: [Figure: a large equilateral triangle subdivided into 16 small congruent equilateral triangles (side 4 units).] What is total number of triangles in the above grid ?

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27. Q27

    Passage:

    A country under foreign domination seeks escape from the present in dreams of a vanished age, and finds consolation in visions of past greatness. That is a foolish and dangerous pastime in which many of us indulge. An equally questionable practice for us in India is to imagine that we are still spiritually great though we have come down in the world in other respects. Spiritual or any other greatness cannot be founded on lack of freedom and opportunity, or on starvation and misery. Many western writers have encouraged the notion that Indians are other-worldly. I suppose the poor and unfortunate in every country become to some extent other-worldly, unless they become revolutionaries, for this world is evidently not meant for them. So also subject peoples. As a man grows to maturity he is not entirely engrossed in, or satisfied with, the external objective world. He seeks also some inner meaning, some psychological and physical satisfactions. So also with peoples and civilizations as they mature and grow adult. Every civilization and every people exhibit these parallel streams of an external life and an internal life. Where they meet or keep close to each other, there is an equilibrium and stability. When they diverge conflict arises and the crises that torture the mind and spirit.

    Question: The passage mentions that "this world is evidently not meant for them". It refers to people who

    1. 1seek freedom from foreign domination.
    2. 2live in starvation and misery.
    3. 3become revolutionaries .

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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28. Q28

    Passage

    A country under foreign domination seeks escape from the present in dreams of a vanished age, and finds consolation in visions of past greatness. That is a foolish and dangerous pastime in which many of us indulge. An equally questionable practice for us in India is to imagine that we are still spiritually great though we have come down in the world in other respects. Spiritual or any other greatness cannot be founded on lack of freedom and opportunity, or on starvation and misery. Many western writers have encouraged the notion that Indians are other-worldly. I suppose the poor and unfortunate in every country become to some extent other-worldly, unless they become revolutionaries, for this world is evidently not meant for them. So also subject peoples. As a man grows to maturity he is not entirely engrossed in, or satisfied with, the external objective world. He seeks also some inner meaning, some psychological and physical satisfactions. So also with peoples and civilizations as they mature and grow adult. Every civilization and every people exhibit these parallel streams of an external life and an internal life. Where they meet or keep close to each other, there is an equilibrium and stability. When they diverge conflict arises and the crises that torture the mind and spirit.

    Question:

    Consider the following assumptions :

    1. A country under foreign domination cannot indulge in spiritual

    pursuit.

    2. Poverty is an impediment in the spiritual pursuit.

    3. Subject peoples may become other-worldly.

    With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are

    valid ?

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29. Q29

    Passage:

    A country under foreign domination seeks escape from the present in dreams of a vanished age, and finds consolation in visions of past greatness. That is a foolish and dangerous pastime in which many of us indulge. An equally questionable practice for us in India is to imagine that we are still spiritually great though we have come down in the world in other respects. Spiritual or any other greatness cannot be founded on lack of freedom and opportunity, or on starvation and misery. Many western writers have encouraged the notion that Indians are other-worldly. I suppose the poor and unfortunate in every country become to some extent other-worldly, unless they become revolutionaries, for this world is evidently not meant for them. So also subject peoples. As a man grows to maturity he is not entirely engrossed in, or satisfied with, the external objective world. He seeks also some inner meaning, some psychological and physical satisfactions. So also with peoples and civilizations as they mature and grow adult. Every civilization and every people exhibit these parallel streams of an external life and an internal life. Where they meet or keep close to each other, there is an equilibrium and stability. When they diverge conflict arises and the crises that torture the mind and spirit.

    Question: The passage thematically centres on

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30. Q30

    Passage:

    A country under foreign domination seeks escape from the present in dreams of a vanished age, and finds consolation in visions of past greatness. That is a foolish and dangerous pastime in which many of us indulge. An equally questionable practice for us in India is to imagine that we are still spiritually great though we have come down in the world in other respects. Spiritual or any other greatness cannot be founded on lack of freedom and opportunity, or on starvation and misery. Many western writers have encouraged the notion that Indians are other-worldly. I suppose the poor and unfortunate in every country become to some extent other-worldly, unless they become revolutionaries, for this world is evidently not meant for them. So also subject peoples. As a man grows to maturity he is not entirely engrossed in, or satisfied with, the external objective world. He seeks also some inner meaning, some psychological and physical satisfactions. So also with peoples and civilizations as they mature and grow adult. Every civilization and every people exhibit these parallel streams of an external life and an internal life. Where they meet or keep close to each other, there is an equilibrium and stability. When they diverge conflict arises and the crises that torture the mind and spirit.

    Question: According to the passage, the torture of the mind and spirit is caused

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31. Q31

    Directions for the following 3 (Three) items: Read the passage given below, study the graph that follows and answer the three items given below the figure. [Figure: a curve of number of bacteria (y-axis) against time (x-axis), divided into regions A, B, C, D and E from left to right. Region A is flat near zero; B rises; C rises toward a peak; D is the peak/plateau; E declines.] During a party, a person was exposed to contaminated water. A few days later, he developed fever and loose motions. He suffered for some days before going to a doctor for treatment. On starting the treatment, he soon became better and recovered completely a few days later. The following graph shows different phases of the person's disease condition as regions A, B, C, D and E of the curve. Which region/regions of the curve correspond/corresponds to incubation phase of the infection ?

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32. Q32

    Directions for the following 3 (Three) items: Read the passage given below, study the graph that follows and answer the three items given below the figure. [Figure: a curve of number of bacteria (y-axis) against time (x-axis), divided into regions A, B, C, D and E from left to right. Region A is flat near zero; B rises; C rises toward a peak; D is the peak/plateau; E declines.] During a party, a person was exposed to contaminated water. A few days later, he developed fever and loose motions. He suffered for some days before going to a doctor for treatment. On starting the treatment, he soon became better and recovered completely a few days later. The following graph shows different phases of the person's disease condition as regions A, B, C, D and E of the curve. Which region of the curve indicates that the person began showing the symptoms of infection ?

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33. Q33

    Directions for the following 3 (Three) items: Read the passage given below, study the graph that follows and answer the three items given below the figure. [Figure: a curve of number of bacteria (y-axis) against time (x-axis), divided into regions A, B, C, D and E from left to right. Region A is flat near zero; B rises; C rises toward a peak; D is the peak/plateau; E declines.] During a party, a person was exposed to contaminated water. A few days later, he developed fever and loose motions. He suffered for some days before going to a doctor for treatment. On starting the treatment, he soon became better and recovered completely a few days later. The following graph shows different phases of the person's disease condition as regions A, B, C, D and E of the curve. Which region of the curve indicates that the treatment yielded effective relief?

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34. Q34

    There are four routes to travel from city A to city B and six routes from city B to city C. How many routes are possible to travel from the city A to city C?

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35. Q35

    A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay in completion of the work beyond a certain date is as follows: Rs. 200 for the first day, Rs. 250 for the second day, Rs. 300 for the third day etc., the penalty for each succeeding day being 50 more than that of the preceding day. How much penalty should the contractor pay if he delays the work by 10 days ?

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36. Q36

    Consider the figure given below and answer the items that follow: In the figure shown above, OP 1 and OP 2 are two plane mirrors kept perpendicular to each other. [Figure: two plane mirrors OP1 (horizontal) and OP2 (vertical) meeting at right angles at O; a beam of light S is incident on mirror OP1.] S is the direction of a beam of light falling on the mirror OP 1. The direction of the reflected beam of light from the mirror OP 2 will be

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37. Q37

    Consider the following figure and answer the item that follows: [Figure: concentric circles cut by radial lines into adjacent regions (a target-like figure).] What is the minimum number of different colours required to paint the figure given above such that no two adjacent regions have the same colour ?

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38. Q38

    Consider the following figure and answer the items that follow: A square is divided into four rectangles as shown above. [Figure: a square divided by one vertical and one horizontal line into four rectangles; the top-left rectangle is marked with area 15 and the bottom-right rectangle with area 48.] The lengths of the sides of rectangles are natural numbers. The areas of two rectangles are indicated in the figure. What is the length of each side of the square?

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39. Q39

    A person has only Rs. 1 and Rs. 2 coins with her. If the total number of coins that she has is 50 and the amount of money with her is Rs. 75, then the number of Rs. 1 and Rs. 2 coins are, respectively

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40. Q40

    Three persons start walking together and their steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and 45 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the same distance in complete steps ?

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41. Q41

    If a bus travels 160 km in 4 hours and a train travels 320 km in 5 hours at uniform speeds, then what is the ratio of the distances travelled by them in one hour?

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42. Q42

    There are 100 students in a particular class. 60% students play cricket, 30% student play football and 10% student play both the games. What is the number of students who play neither cricket nor football ?

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43. Q43

    A village having a population of 4000 requires 150 liters of water per head per day. It has a tank measuring 20 m x 15 m x 6 m. The water of this tank will last for

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44. Q44

    Passage:

    A species that exerts an influence out of proportion to its abundance in an ecosystem is called a keystone species. The keystone species may influence both the species richness of communities and the flow of energy and materials through ecosystems. The sea star Pisaster ochraceus, which lives in rocky intertidal ecosystems on the Pacific coast of North America, is also an example of a keystone species. Its preferred prey is the mussel Mytilus californianus. In the absence of sea stars, these mussels crowd out other competitors in a broad belt of the intertidal zone. By consuming mussels, sea star creates bare spaces that are taken over by a variety of other species. A study at the University of Washington demonstrated the influence of Pisaster on species richness by removing sea stars from selected parts of the intertidal zone repeatedly over a period of five years. Two major changes occurred in the areas from which sea stars were removed. First, the lower edge of the mussel bed extended farther down into the intertidal zone, showing that sea stars are able to eliminate mussels completely where they are covered with water most of the time. Second, and more dramatically, 28 species of animals and algae disappeared from the sea star removal zone. Eventually only Mytilus, the dominant competitor, occupied the entire substratum. Through its effect on competitive relationships, predation by Pisaster largely determines which species live in these rocky intertidal ecosystems.

    Question: What is the crux of the passage ?

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45. Q45

    Passage:

    A species that exerts an influence out of proportion to its abundance in an ecosystem is called a keystone species. The keystone species may influence both the species richness of communities and the flow of energy and materials through ecosystems. The sea star Pisaster ochraceus, which lives in rocky intertidal ecosystems on the Pacific coast of North America, is also an example of a keystone species. Its preferred prey is the mussel Mytilus californianus. In the absence of sea stars, these mussels crowd out other competitors in a broad belt of the intertidal zone. By consuming mussels, sea star creates bare spaces that are taken over by a variety of other species. A study at the University of Washington demonstrated the influence of Pisaster on species richness by removing sea stars from selected parts of the intertidal zone repeatedly over a period of five years. Two major changes occurred in the areas from which sea stars were removed. First, the lower edge of the mussel bed extended farther down into the intertidal zone, showing that sea stars are able to eliminate mussels completely where they are covered with water most of the time. Second, and more dramatically, 28 species of animals and algae disappeared from the sea star removal zone. Eventually only Mytilus, the dominant competitor, occupied the entire substratum. Through its effect on competitive relationships, predation by Pisaster largely determines which species live in these rocky intertidal ecosystems.

    Question:

    1. 1Mussels are generally the dominant species in intertidal ecosystems.
    2. 2The survival of sea stars is generally determined by the abundance of mussels.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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46. Q46

    Passage:

    A species that exerts an influence out of proportion to its abundance in an ecosystem is called a keystone species. The keystone species may influence both the species richness of communities and the flow of energy and materials through ecosystems. The sea star Pisaster ochraceus, which lives in rocky intertidal ecosystems on the Pacific coast of North America, is also an example of a keystone species. Its preferred prey is the mussel Mytilus californianus. In the absence of sea stars, these mussels crowd out other competitors in a broad belt of the intertidal zone. By consuming mussels, sea star creates bare spaces that are taken over by a variety of other species. A study at the University of Washington demonstrated the influence of Pisaster on species richness by removing sea stars from selected parts of the intertidal zone repeatedly over a period of five years. Two major changes occurred in the areas from which sea stars were removed. First, the lower edge of the mussel bed extended farther down into the intertidal zone, showing that sea stars are able to eliminate mussels completely where they are covered with water most of the time. Second, and more dramatically, 28 species of animals and algae disappeared from the sea star removal zone. Eventually only Mytilus, the dominant competitor, occupied the entire substratum. Through its effect on competitive relationships, predation by Pisaster largely determines which species live in these rocky intertidal ecosystems.

    Question: Which of the following is/are implied by the passage ?

    1. 1Mussels are always hard competitors for sea stars.
    2. 2Sea stars of the Pacific coast have reached the climax of their evolution.
    3. 3Sea stars constitute an important component in the energy flow in intertidal ecosystem.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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47. Q47

    Passage

    A species that exerts an influence out of proportion to its abundance in an ecosystem is called a keystone species. The keystone species may influence both the species richness of communities and the flow of energy and materials through ecosystems. The sea star Pisaster ochraceus, which lives in rocky intertidal ecosystems on the Pacific coast of North America, is also an example of a keystone species. Its preferred prey is the mussel Mytilus californianus. In the absence of sea stars, these mussels crowd out other competitors in a broad belt of the intertidal zone. By consuming mussels, sea star creates bare spaces that are taken over by a variety of other species. A study at the University of Washington demonstrated the influence of Pisaster on species richness by removing sea stars from selected parts of the intertidal zone repeatedly over a period of five years. Two major changes occurred in the areas from which sea stars were removed. First, the lower edge of the mussel bed extended farther down into the intertidal zone, showing that sea stars are able to eliminate mussels completely where they are covered with water most of the time. Second, and more dramatically, 28 species of animals and algae disappeared from the sea star removal zone. Eventually only Mytilus, the dominant competitor, occupied the entire substratum. Through its effect on competitive relationships, predation by Pisaster largely determines which species live in these rocky intertidal ecosystems.

    Question:

    Consider the following assumptions:

    1. The food chains/food web in an ecosystem are influenced by

    keystone species.

    2. The presence of keystone species is a specific characteristic of

    aquatic ecosystems.

    3. If the keystone species is completely removed from an ecosystem, it

    will lead to the collapse of the ecosystem.

    With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are

    valid?

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48. Q48

    Consider the following argument: "In order to be a teacher one must graduate from college. All poets are poor. Some Mathematicians are poets. No college graduate is poor." Which one of the following is not a valid conclusion regarding the above argument?

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49. Q49

    A student on her first 3 tests receives on an average score of N points. If she exceeds her previous average score by 20 points on her fourth test, then what is the average score for the first 4 tests?

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50. Q50

    In a group of persons, 70% of the persons are male and 30% of the persons are married. If two sevenths of males are married, what fraction of the females is single ?

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51. Q51

    The houses of A and B face each other on a road going north-south, A's being on the western side. A comes out of his house, turns left, travels 5 km, turns right, travels 5 km to the front of D's house. B does exactly the same and reaches the front of C's house. In this context, which one of the following statements is correct?

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52. Q52

    Passage:

    Now India's children have a right to receive at least eight years of education, the gnawing question is whether it will remain 'on paper' or 'become a reality'. One hardly needs a reminder that this right is different from the others enshrined in the Constitution, that the beneficiary — a six year old child cannot demand it, nor can she or he fight a legal battle when the right is denied or violated. In all cases, it is the adult society which must act on behalf of the child. In another peculiarity, where a child's right to education is denied, no compensation offered later can be adequate or relevant. This is so because childhood does not last. If a legal battle fought on behalf of a child is eventually won, it may be of little use to the boy or girl because the opportunity missed at school during childhood cannot serve the same purpose later in life. This may be painfully true for girls because our society permits them only a short childhood, if at all. The Right to Education (RTE) has become law at a point in India's history when the ghastly practice of female infanticide has resurfaced in the form of foeticide. This is 'symptomatic of a deeper turmoil' in society which compounds the traditional obstacles to the education of girls. Tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls runs across our cultural diversity and the system of education has not been able to address it.

    Question: With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:

    1. 1When children are denied education, adult society does not act on behalf of them.
    2. 2Right to Education as a law cannot be enforced in the country.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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53. Q53

    Passage:

    Now India's children have a right to receive at least eight years of education, the gnawing question is whether it will remain 'on paper' or 'become a reality'. One hardly needs a reminder that this right is different from the others enshrined in the Constitution, that the beneficiary — a six year old child cannot demand it, nor can she or he fight a legal battle when the right is denied or violated. In all cases, it is the adult society which must act on behalf of the child. In another peculiarity, where a child's right to education is denied, no compensation offered later can be adequate or relevant. This is so because childhood does not last. If a legal battle fought on behalf of a child is eventually won, it may be of little use to the boy or girl because the opportunity missed at school during childhood cannot serve the same purpose later in life. This may be painfully true for girls because our society permits them only a short childhood, if at all. The Right to Education (RTE) has become law at a point in India's history when the ghastly practice of female infanticide has resurfaced in the form of foeticide. This is 'symptomatic of a deeper turmoil' in society which compounds the traditional obstacles to the education of girls. Tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls runs across our cultural diversity and the system of education has not been able to address it.

    Question: According to the passage, what could be the traditional obstacles to the education of girls?

    1. 1Inability of parents to fight a legal battle when the Right to Education is denied to their children.
    2. 2The traditional way of thinking about girl's role in society.
    3. 3The prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls.
    4. 4Improper system of education.

    Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

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54. Q54

    Passage:

    Now India's children have a right to receive at least eight years of education, the gnawing question is whether it will remain 'on paper' or 'become a reality'. One hardly needs a reminder that this right is different from the others enshrined in the Constitution, that the beneficiary — a six year old child cannot demand it, nor can she or he fight a legal battle when the right is denied or violated. In all cases, it is the adult society which must act on behalf of the child. In another peculiarity, where a child's right to education is denied, no compensation offered later can be adequate or relevant. This is so because childhood does not last. If a legal battle fought on behalf of a child is eventually won, it may be of little use to the boy or girl because the opportunity missed at school during childhood cannot serve the same purpose later in life. This may be painfully true for girls because our society permits them only a short childhood, if at all. The Right to Education (RTE) has become law at a point in India's history when the ghastly practice of female infanticide has resurfaced in the form of foeticide. This is 'symptomatic of a deeper turmoil' in society which compounds the traditional obstacles to the education of girls. Tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls runs across our cultural diversity and the system of education has not been able to address it.

    Question: On the basis of the passage, consider the following statements:

    1. 1Right to Education is a legal right and not a fundamental right.
    2. 2For realising the goal of universal education, the education system in the country must be made identical to that of developed countries.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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55. Q55

    Passage:

    Now India's children have a right to receive at least eight years of education, the gnawing question is whether it will remain 'on paper' or 'become a reality'. One hardly needs a reminder that this right is different from the others enshrined in the Constitution, that the beneficiary — a six year old child cannot demand it, nor can she or he fight a legal battle when the right is denied or violated. In all cases, it is the adult society which must act on behalf of the child. In another peculiarity, where a child's right to education is denied, no compensation offered later can be adequate or relevant. This is so because childhood does not last. If a legal battle fought on behalf of a child is eventually won, it may be of little use to the boy or girl because the opportunity missed at school during childhood cannot serve the same purpose later in life. This may be painfully true for girls because our society permits them only a short childhood, if at all. The Right to Education (RTE) has become law at a point in India's history when the ghastly practice of female infanticide has resurfaced in the form of foeticide. This is 'symptomatic of a deeper turmoil' in society which compounds the traditional obstacles to the education of girls. Tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls runs across our cultural diversity and the system of education has not been able to address it.

    Question: Which one of the following statements conveys the key message of the passage ?

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56. Q56

    Passage:

    Now India's children have a right to receive at least eight years of education, the gnawing question is whether it will remain 'on paper' or 'become a reality'. One hardly needs a reminder that this right is different from the others enshrined in the Constitution, that the beneficiary — a six year old child cannot demand it, nor can she or he fight a legal battle when the right is denied or violated. In all cases, it is the adult society which must act on behalf of the child. In another peculiarity, where a child's right to education is denied, no compensation offered later can be adequate or relevant. This is so because childhood does not last. If a legal battle fought on behalf of a child is eventually won, it may be of little use to the boy or girl because the opportunity missed at school during childhood cannot serve the same purpose later in life. This may be painfully true for girls because our society permits them only a short childhood, if at all. The Right to Education (RTE) has become law at a point in India's history when the ghastly practice of female infanticide has resurfaced in the form of foeticide. This is 'symptomatic of a deeper turmoil' in society which compounds the traditional obstacles to the education of girls. Tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls runs across our cultural diversity and the system of education has not been able to address it.

    Question: Which one of the following statements conveys the inference of the passage?

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57. Q57

    Read the following passage and answer (three) items that follow: A, B, C, D and E are members of the same family. There are two fathers, two sons, two wives, three males and two females. The teacher was the wife of a lawyer who was the son of a doctor. E is not male, neither also a wife of a professional. C is the youngest person in the family and D is the eldest. B is a male. How is D related to E ?

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58. Q58

    Read the following passage and answer (three) items that follow: A, B, C, D and E are members of the same family. There are two fathers, two sons, two wives, three males and two females. The teacher was the wife of a lawyer who was the son of a doctor. E is not male, neither also a wife of a professional. C is the youngest person in the family and D is the eldest. B is a male. Who are the females in the group ?

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59. Q59

    Read the following passage and answer (three) items that follow: A, B, C, D and E are members of the same family. There are two fathers, two sons, two wives, three males and two females. The teacher was the wife of a lawyer who was the son of a doctor. E is not male, neither also a wife of a professional. C is the youngest person in the family and D is the eldest. B is a male. Whose wife is the teacher?

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60. Q60

    Read the following passage and answer the 3 (three) items that follow: In a survey regarding a proposed measure to be introduced, 2878 persons took part of which 1652 were males. 1226 persons voted against the proposal of which 796 were males. 1425 persons voted for the proposal. 196 females were undecided. How many females voted for the proposal ?

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61. Q61

    Read the following passage and answer the 3 (three) items that follow: In a survey regarding a proposed measure to be introduced, 2878 persons took part of which 1652 were males. 1226 persons voted against the proposal of which 796 were males. 1425 persons voted for the proposal. 196 females were undecided. How many males were undecided ?

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62. Q62

    Read the following passage and answer the 3 (three) items that follow: In a survey regarding a proposed measure to be introduced, 2878 persons took part of which 1652 were males. 1226 persons voted against the proposal of which 796 were males. 1425 persons voted for the proposal. 196 females were undecided. How many females were not in favour the proposal ?

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63. Q63

    In a queue, Mr. X is fourteenth from the front and Mr. Y is seventeenth from the end, while Mr. Z is exactly in between Mr. X and Mr. Y. If Mr. X is ahead Mr. Y and there are 48 persons in the queue, how many persons are then between Mr. X and Mr. Z ?

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64. Q64

    Passage:

    He walked several miles that day but could not get anything to eat or drink except some dry bread and some water, which he got from cottagers and farmers. As night fell, he slept under a haystack lying in a meadow. He felt frightened at first, for the wind blew awfully over the empty fields. He felt cold and hungry, and was feeling more lonely than he had ever felt before. He however, soon fell asleep, being much tired with his long walk. When he got up next day, he was feeling terribly hungry so he purchased a loaf of bread with a few coins that he had.

    Question: When the night fell, he slept

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65. Q65

    Passage:

    He walked several miles that day but could not get anything to eat or drink except some dry bread and some water, which he got from cottagers and farmers. As night fell, he slept under a haystack lying in a meadow. He felt frightened at first, for the wind blew awfully over the empty fields. He felt cold and hungry, and was feeling more lonely than he had ever felt before. He however, soon fell asleep, being much tired with his long walk. When he got up next day, he was feeling terribly hungry so he purchased a loaf of bread with a few coins that he had.

    Question: He soon fell asleep because

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66. Q66

    Passage:

    He walked several miles that day but could not get anything to eat or drink except some dry bread and some water, which he got from cottagers and farmers. As night fell, he slept under a haystack lying in a meadow. He felt frightened at first, for the wind blew awfully over the empty fields. He felt cold and hungry, and was feeling more lonely than he had ever felt before. He however, soon fell asleep, being much tired with his long walk. When he got up next day, he was feeling terribly hungry so he purchased a loaf of bread with a few coins that he had.

    Question: With reference to the passage, consider the following statements :

    1. 1He was walking through the countryside,
    2. 2The cottagers and farmers gave him enough food so that he could sleep at night without feeling hungry.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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67. Q67

    Passage:

    I opened the bag and packed the boots in; and then, just as I was going to close it, a horrible idea occurred to me — Had I packed my toothbrush? I don't know how it is, but I never do know whether I've packed my toothbrush. My toothbrush is a thing that haunts me when I'm travelling, and makes my life a misery. I dream that I haven't packed it, and wake up in a cold perspiration, and get out of bed and hunt for it. And, in the morning, I pack it before I have used it, and it is always the last thing I turn out of the bag; and then I repack and forget it, and have to rush upstairs for it at the last moment and carry it to the railway station, wrapped up in my pocket-handkerchief.

    Question: When he was going to close the bag, the idea that occurred to him was

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68. Q68

    Passage:

    I opened the bag and packed the boots in; and then, just as I was going to close it, a horrible idea occurred to me — Had I packed my toothbrush? I don't know how it is, but I never do know whether I've packed my toothbrush. My toothbrush is a thing that haunts me when I'm travelling, and makes my life a misery. I dream that I haven't packed it, and wake up in a cold perspiration, and get out of bed and hunt for it. And, in the morning, I pack it before I have used it, and it is always the last thing I turn out of the bag; and then I repack and forget it, and have to rush upstairs for it at the last moment and carry it to the railway station, wrapped up in my pocket-handkerchief.

    Question: What makes his life miserable whenever he undertakes travelling?

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69. Q69

    Passage:

    I opened the bag and packed the boots in; and then, just as I was going to close it, a horrible idea occurred to me — Had I packed my toothbrush? I don't know how it is, but I never do know whether I've packed my toothbrush. My toothbrush is a thing that haunts me when I'm travelling, and makes my life a misery. I dream that I haven't packed it, and wake up in a cold perspiration, and get out of bed and hunt for it. And, in the morning, I pack it before I have used it, and it is always the last thing I turn out of the bag; and then I repack and forget it, and have to rush upstairs for it at the last moment and carry it to the railway station, wrapped up in my pocket-handkerchief.

    Question: His toothbrush is finally

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70. Q70

    Passage:

    In spring, polar bear mothers emerge from dens with three month old cubs. The mother bear has fasted for as long as eight months but that does not stop the young from demanding full access to her remaining reserves. If there are triplets, the most persistent stands to gain an extra meal and it may have the meal at the expense of others. The smallest of the litter forfeits many meals to stronger siblings. Females are protective of their cubs but tend to ignore family rivalry over food. In 21 years of photographing polar bears, I've only once seen the smallest of triplets survive till autumn.

    Question: Female polar bears give birth during

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71. Q71

    Passage:

    In spring, polar bear mothers emerge from dens with three month old cubs. The mother bear has fasted for as long as eight months but that does not stop the young from demanding full access to her remaining reserves. If there are triplets, the most persistent stands to gain an extra meal and it may have the meal at the expense of others. The smallest of the litter forfeits many meals to stronger siblings. Females are protective of their cubs but tend to ignore family rivalry over food. In 21 years of photographing polar bears, I've only once seen the smallest of triplets survive till autumn.

    Question: Mother bear

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72. Q72

    Passage:

    In spring, polar bear mothers emerge from dens with three month old cubs. The mother bear has fasted for as long as eight months but that does not stop the young from demanding full access to her remaining reserves. If there are triplets, the most persistent stands to gain an extra meal and it may have the meal at the expense of others. The smallest of the litter forfeits many meals to stronger siblings. Females are protective of their cubs but tend to ignore family rivalry over food. In 21 years of photographing polar bears, I've only once seen the smallest of triplets survive till autumn.

    Question: the following assumptions have been made:

    1. 1Polar bears fast as long as eight months due to non-availability of prey.
    2. 2Polar bears always give birth to triplets.

    Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

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73. Q73

    Directions for the following 8 (eight) items: Given below are eight items. Each item describes a situation and is followed by four possible responses. Indicate the response you find most appropriate. Choose only one response for each item. The responses will be evaluated based on the level of appropriateness for the given situation. Please attempt all the items. There is no penalty for wrong answers for these eight items. You have been asked to give an explanation for not attending an important official meeting. Your immediate boss who has not informed you about the meeting is now putting pressure on you not to place an allegation against him / her. You would

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74. Q74

    A local thug (bad element) has started illegal construction on your vacant plot. He has refused your request to vacate and threatened you of dire consequences in case you do not sell the property at a cheap price to him. You would

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75. Q75

    You have to accomplish a very important task for your headquarters within the next two days. Suddenly you meet with an accident. Your office insists that you complete the task. You would

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76. Q76

    You are an officer-in-charge for providing basic medical facilities to the survivors of an earthquake affected area. Despite your best possible effort, people put allegations against you for making money out of the funds given for relief. You would

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77. Q77

    You have been made responsible to hire boats at a short notice to be used for an area under flood. On seeing the price mentioned by the boat owners you found that the lowest price was approximately three times more than the approved rate of the Government. You would

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78. Q78

    You are the officer-in-charge of a village administering distribution of vaccine in an isolated epidemic hit village, and you are left with only one vaccine. There is a requirement of that vaccine from the Gram Pradhan and also a poor villager. You are being pressurised by the Gram Pradhan to issue the vaccine to him. You would

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79. Q79

    You have taken up a project to create night-shelters for homeless people during the winter season. Within a week of establishing the shelters, you have received complaints from the residents of the area about the increase in theft cases with a demand to remove the shelters. You would

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80. Q80

    You, as an administrative authority, have been approached, by the daughter-in-law of an influential person regarding harassment by her in- laws on account of insufficient dowry. Her parents are not able to approach you because of social pressures. You would

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