Explanation

The 91st Constitutional Amendment (2003) inserted Article 75(1A), capping the Union Council of Ministers — including the Prime Minister — at 15 per cent of the total strength of the Lok Sabha. A parallel cap (Article 164(1A)) applies to state ministries. There is no 20 per cent or 10 per cent ceiling, and the cap is not tied to Rajya Sabha strength. Hence 15 per cent of Lok Sabha members.