In this section, you have short passages. After each passage, you will find some items based on the passage. Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it. You are required to select your answers based solely on the contents of the passage and the opinion of the author.
Passage:
Urbanization and industrialization have often resulted in whole areas of forests being cleared to gain new land and to obtain timber for the various building projects. Large areas of fields and forests have disappeared to make way for concrete jungles many of which are fitted with huge plants and chimney stacks. Industrial growth has necessitated the increased demand for fuel oil to run the machines and in doing so produces industrial gases and fumes which belch through the chimney and pollute the atmosphere. The most evident elements in the contamination of the atmosphere are dust, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide.
The phrase ‘concrete jungle’ in the paragraph refers to the factories and houses built as a result of urbanization and industrialization. This phrase suggests that the author
- Aregrets that fields and forests have been replaced by city buildings.
- Bbelieves that too much cement has been used in building factories.
- Cdisapproves of modem industrial expansion.
- Dwould like to go back to life in the jungle.
Explanation
The author calls city growth a 'concrete jungle', replacing living 'fields and forests' with concrete, in a passage dwelling entirely on environmental loss. 'Jungle' here is ironic: the natural jungle is gone, replaced by buildings. The phrase expresses regret that green land has been swallowed by construction. Hence option (a) is correct.