Directions: In this section there are short passages. After each passage you will find questions based on it. Answer them based on the contents of the passage and the opinion of the author only.

PASSAGE IV

A village must have some trade; and this village has always been full of virility and power. Obscure and happy, its splendid energies had found employment in wresting a livelihood out of the earth, whence had come a certain dignity, and kindliness, and love for other men. Civilization did not relax these energies, but it had diverted them; and all the special qualities, which might have helped to heal the world, had been destroyed. The family affection, the affection for the commune, the sane pastoral virtues — all had perished. No villain had done this thing: it was the work of ladies and gentlemen who were rich and often clever.

The tone used by the author in the last sentence of the passage is