UPSC CDS · Solved paper
All 120 questions, textbook-style — tap “Show answer” on any question to reveal the correct option and explanation.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
The population of Mumbai and Delhi is greater than ______________ city in India.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or groups of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He is one of the ________________ in the country.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He has the ______________ touch of a maestro.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He feels that he has been ____________.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Had he told me the news beforehand, I ______________ careful and saved my money.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Life has been thrown ____________ due to the weather conditions in the city.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
The campaign is in ____________ .
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
What you propose is _____________ .
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
If a Time Machine _____________ you anywhere for one day, where would you go ?
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space and four words or group of words are given after the sentence. Select the most appropriate word or group of words for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He _____________ waiting for you since morning.
Directions : In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Perspicacity’ and ‘Perspicuity’
Directions : In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Complaisant’ and ‘Complacent’
Directions : In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Compliment’ and ‘Complement’
Directions : In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Deify’ and ‘Defy’
Directions: In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Evoke’ and ‘Invoke’
Directions : In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Sympathy’ and ‘Empathy’
Directions : In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Accept’ and ‘Except’
Directions: In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Reward’ and ‘Award’
Directions: In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Emigrate’ and ‘Immigrate’
Directions: In the following questions a pair of similar sounding words is provided. You are required to select the option that most appropriately describes the meaning of both the words and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
'Immolate’ and ‘Emulate’
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 1.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 2.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 3.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 4.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 5.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 6.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 7.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 8.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 9.
Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Banking is ___(1)____ essential building block to reach greater prosperity and help build a better system ____(2)____ financial services can create a path out of poverty. However, big traditional banks often exclude low-income populations ____(3)____ requirements or by using historically discriminatory practices that keep ____(4)____ low-income customers ____(5)____ from formal finance. Modern lifestyles are predicated based____(6)______ debt. If you have a stable and reliable income, have a bank account with access to a range ____(7)_____ modern financial products, you can manage your debts efficiently. This _____(8)____ what the entire financial system is for. But debt ___(9)___ a lifetime’s trap if you don’t have easy access to ____(10)____ financial products.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 10.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response accordingly.
System performance was demonstrated _____________ the Drop Zone from an altitude of 5000 m.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Ranjit has been elected as _____________ leader of the group in the house.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Entry ____________ the building was restricted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Education is a manifestation of _______________ perfection already in man.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response accordingly.
______ university is a place for thinking and learning.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response accordingly.
Amid _____________ few incidents of violence, the voting went on well.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response accordingly.
Scholars are often caught on the horns of ____________ dilemma.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
You need to make others feel that you are second _____________ none.
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
How many students have come _____________ you for the programme ?
Directions : Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four options. Select whichever preposition or determiner you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Rahul must have received the dues ___________ now.
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
It is not that I do not take a decision,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
If I were in your position,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Having written many novels and short stories,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
There are many career options,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
If you had prepared well,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Where there is a will,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
“It is getting dark,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Once I met a traveller
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Man is the greatest truth of all,
Directions : The following items have one part of a sentence followed by four alternatives. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct alternative and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
If your life is circumscribed by habits alone,
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
in the filaments of (P) / rubidium is used (Q) / which convert light energy into electrical energy (R) / photoelectric cells (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
he urged so many to get involved (P) / who has left his mark (Q) / this is the final word of an educational philosopher (R) / on a world in which (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
or the opposite (P) / where you say one thing (Q) / irony is a figure of speech (R) / while you mean another (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
across the world (P) / in the Middle East has changed (Q) / the discovery of petroleum (R) / the lifestyle of the people (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
as a source of energy (P) / the camel uses fat (Q) / in the desert (R) / during its long journey (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
must support the main part (P) / the-beginning and the concluding lines (Q) / described in the story (R) / or the events (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
is being systematically damaged (P) / our beautiful riverine ecosystem (Q) / by industrial pollution (R) / channelled into rivers (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
the film industry due to (P) / nearness to the viewers (Q) / its ready availability and (R) / the television screen is challenging (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
they built an Artificial Intelligence system (P) / researchers say that (Q) / makes ethical judgments (R) / that like humans (S)
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
he is a fool, it is that (P) / others think intelligently (Q) / it is not that (R) / he does not think (S)
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
China's government announced on April 19 that it had signed a landmark security pact with the Solomon Islands, evoking concern from Australia and the US. The agreement is the first of its kind that China has agreed with any country, and underlines its ambitions to play a security role in the Pacific. The final version has not been made public. It will pave the way for China to deploy its security forces there. The Solomon Islands can request police and military personnel “to assist in maintaining social order”, while China can make ship visits and use its ports for logistics. This will give China's vessels a strategic foothold in the Pacific, in a region close to Australia and Guam, where the US has a naval base. Both countries unsurprisingly expressed concern, with Washington, even dispatching a senior official to the Solomon Islands, who will take up the pact as well as plans to reopen the US Embassy there.
The significance of the pact extends beyond the immediate regional security concerns in the Pacific. The Solomon Islands government said the agreement does not imply China will build a base there. The pact does, however, relate to a second key pillar of China's avowed "peaceful rise” doctrine, which was, as popularised by “Panchsheel” or the “five principles of peaceful coexistence” — the “non-interference” in the internal affairs of other countries. The deployment of security forces in a foreign country certainly does not square with that idea. China has already begun to do so elsewhere, albeit on a limited scale. China's past commitments on military bases and non-interference were intended to show the world Beijing would not seek to become a global “hegemon", its favoured term to describe the US.
China’s objective of signing a security pact with Solomon Islands is
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
China's government announced on April 19 that it had signed a landmark security pact with the Solomon Islands, evoking concern from Australia and the US. The agreement is the first of its kind that China has agreed with any country, and underlines its ambitions to play a security role in the Pacific. The final version has not been made public. It will pave the way for China to deploy its security forces there. The Solomon Islands can request police and military personnel “to assist in maintaining social order”, while China can make ship visits and use its ports for logistics. This will give China's vessels a strategic foothold in the Pacific, in a region close to Australia and Guam, where the US has a naval base. Both countries unsurprisingly expressed concern, with Washington, even dispatching a senior official to the Solomon Islands, who will take up the pact as well as plans to reopen the US Embassy there.
The significance of the pact extends beyond the immediate regional security concerns in the Pacific. The Solomon Islands government said the agreement does not imply China will build a base there. The pact does, however, relate to a second key pillar of China's avowed "peaceful rise” doctrine, which was, as popularised by “Panchsheel” or the “five principles of peaceful coexistence” — the “non-interference” in the internal affairs of other countries. The deployment of security forces in a foreign country certainly does not square with that idea. China has already begun to do so elsewhere, albeit on a limited scale. China's past commitments on military bases and non-interference were intended to show the world Beijing would not seek to become a global “hegemon", its favoured term to describe the US.
The Pact symbolises China’s doctrine of
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
China's government announced on April 19 that it had signed a landmark security pact with the Solomon Islands, evoking concern from Australia and the US. The agreement is the first of its kind that China has agreed with any country, and underlines its ambitions to play a security role in the Pacific. The final version has not been made public. It will pave the way for China to deploy its security forces there. The Solomon Islands can request police and military personnel “to assist in maintaining social order”, while China can make ship visits and use its ports for logistics. This will give China's vessels a strategic foothold in the Pacific, in a region close to Australia and Guam, where the US has a naval base. Both countries unsurprisingly expressed concern, with Washington, even dispatching a senior official to the Solomon Islands, who will take up the pact as well as plans to reopen the US Embassy there.
The significance of the pact extends beyond the immediate regional security concerns in the Pacific. The Solomon Islands government said the agreement does not imply China will build a base there. The pact does, however, relate to a second key pillar of China's avowed "peaceful rise” doctrine, which was, as popularised by “Panchsheel” or the “five principles of peaceful coexistence” — the “non-interference” in the internal affairs of other countries. The deployment of security forces in a foreign country certainly does not square with that idea. China has already begun to do so elsewhere, albeit on a limited scale. China's past commitments on military bases and non-interference were intended to show the world Beijing would not seek to become a global “hegemon", its favoured term to describe the US.
Which one of the following is implied by ‘Beijing would not seek to become a global hegemon’?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
China's government announced on April 19 that it had signed a landmark security pact with the Solomon Islands, evoking concern from Australia and the US. The agreement is the first of its kind that China has agreed with any country, and underlines its ambitions to play a security role in the Pacific. The final version has not been made public. It will pave the way for China to deploy its security forces there. The Solomon Islands can request police and military personnel “to assist in maintaining social order”, while China can make ship visits and use its ports for logistics. This will give China's vessels a strategic foothold in the Pacific, in a region close to Australia and Guam, where the US has a naval base. Both countries unsurprisingly expressed concern, with Washington, even dispatching a senior official to the Solomon Islands, who will take up the pact as well as plans to reopen the US Embassy there.
The significance of the pact extends beyond the immediate regional security concerns in the Pacific. The Solomon Islands government said the agreement does not imply China will build a base there. The pact does, however, relate to a second key pillar of China's avowed "peaceful rise” doctrine, which was, as popularised by “Panchsheel” or the “five principles of peaceful coexistence” — the “non-interference” in the internal affairs of other countries. The deployment of security forces in a foreign country certainly does not square with that idea. China has already begun to do so elsewhere, albeit on a limited scale. China's past commitments on military bases and non-interference were intended to show the world Beijing would not seek to become a global “hegemon", its favoured term to describe the US.
What does ‘square with that idea’ imply in the passage ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
China's government announced on April 19 that it had signed a landmark security pact with the Solomon Islands, evoking concern from Australia and the US. The agreement is the first of its kind that China has agreed with any country, and underlines its ambitions to play a security role in the Pacific. The final version has not been made public. It will pave the way for China to deploy its security forces there. The Solomon Islands can request police and military personnel “to assist in maintaining social order”, while China can make ship visits and use its ports for logistics. This will give China's vessels a strategic foothold in the Pacific, in a region close to Australia and Guam, where the US has a naval base. Both countries unsurprisingly expressed concern, with Washington, even dispatching a senior official to the Solomon Islands, who will take up the pact as well as plans to reopen the US Embassy there.
The significance of the pact extends beyond the immediate regional security concerns in the Pacific. The Solomon Islands government said the agreement does not imply China will build a base there. The pact does, however, relate to a second key pillar of China's avowed "peaceful rise” doctrine, which was, as popularised by “Panchsheel” or the “five principles of peaceful coexistence” — the “non-interference” in the internal affairs of other countries. The deployment of security forces in a foreign country certainly does not square with that idea. China has already begun to do so elsewhere, albeit on a limited scale. China's past commitments on military bases and non-interference were intended to show the world Beijing would not seek to become a global “hegemon", its favoured term to describe the US.
What does ‘strategic foothold’ imply in the passage ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
Among the major objectives of the Glasgow Summit was to frame the foundation of an international carbon trading system listed in the Paris Agreement to achieve the target of net zero emissions by 2050. It would enable nations to transfer credits to each other and offset their emission targets. Critics of the trading system, and there are many, say it would give leeway to developed countries and companies that are highly polluting to stave off making deeper cuts in their low emissions by buying credits from poorer countries at exploitative prices. There are also major differences over whether the new trading system will recognize historical emissions permitted under earlier protocols. Others want rules that permit double credits for the nation funding a particular carbon reducing project, such as the regeneration of forests to act as a carbon sink, and for the country implementing it. A third issue is whether a share of the revenue from such a bilateral trading agreement will go toward the UN's Adaptation Fund. There have also been concerns about the integrity of the accounting system for such credits.
What is ‘international carbon trading system’ here ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
Among the major objectives of the Glasgow Summit was to frame the foundation of an international carbon trading system listed in the Paris Agreement to achieve the target of net zero emissions by 2050. It would enable nations to transfer credits to each other and offset their emission targets. Critics of the trading system, and there are many, say it would give leeway to developed countries and companies that are highly polluting to stave off making deeper cuts in their low emissions by buying credits from poorer countries at exploitative prices. There are also major differences over whether the new trading system will recognize historical emissions permitted under earlier protocols. Others want rules that permit double credits for the nation funding a particular carbon reducing project, such as the regeneration of forests to act as a carbon sink, and for the country implementing it. A third issue is whether a share of the revenue from such a bilateral trading agreement will go toward the UN's Adaptation Fund. There have also been concerns about the integrity of the accounting system for such credits.
What is the third issue being mentioned in the context of ‘share of the revenue’ ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
Among the major objectives of the Glasgow Summit was to frame the foundation of an international carbon trading system listed in the Paris Agreement to achieve the target of net zero emissions by 2050. It would enable nations to transfer credits to each other and offset their emission targets. Critics of the trading system, and there are many, say it would give leeway to developed countries and companies that are highly polluting to stave off making deeper cuts in their low emissions by buying credits from poorer countries at exploitative prices. There are also major differences over whether the new trading system will recognize historical emissions permitted under earlier protocols. Others want rules that permit double credits for the nation funding a particular carbon reducing project, such as the regeneration of forests to act as a carbon sink, and for the country implementing it. A third issue is whether a share of the revenue from such a bilateral trading agreement will go toward the UN's Adaptation Fund. There have also been concerns about the integrity of the accounting system for such credits.
... forests to act as a carbon sink’ means
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
Among the major objectives of the Glasgow Summit was to frame the foundation of an international carbon trading system listed in the Paris Agreement to achieve the target of net zero emissions by 2050. It would enable nations to transfer credits to each other and offset their emission targets. Critics of the trading system, and there are many, say it would give leeway to developed countries and companies that are highly polluting to stave off making deeper cuts in their low emissions by buying credits from poorer countries at exploitative prices. There are also major differences over whether the new trading system will recognize historical emissions permitted under earlier protocols. Others want rules that permit double credits for the nation funding a particular carbon reducing project, such as the regeneration of forests to act as a carbon sink, and for the country implementing it. A third issue is whether a share of the revenue from such a bilateral trading agreement will go toward the UN's Adaptation Fund. There have also been concerns about the integrity of the accounting system for such credits.
What is the concern about the integrity of the accounting system ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
Among the major objectives of the Glasgow Summit was to frame the foundation of an international carbon trading system listed in the Paris Agreement to achieve the target of net zero emissions by 2050. It would enable nations to transfer credits to each other and offset their emission targets. Critics of the trading system, and there are many, say it would give leeway to developed countries and companies that are highly polluting to stave off making deeper cuts in their low emissions by buying credits from poorer countries at exploitative prices. There are also major differences over whether the new trading system will recognize historical emissions permitted under earlier protocols. Others want rules that permit double credits for the nation funding a particular carbon reducing project, such as the regeneration of forests to act as a carbon sink, and for the country implementing it. A third issue is whether a share of the revenue from such a bilateral trading agreement will go toward the UN's Adaptation Fund. There have also been concerns about the integrity of the accounting system for such credits.
Which of the following words is nearer to the meaning of the word ‘protocol’ in the text ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
The RBI expects inflation at 6.7 percent in 2022 - 23. Recent government data also suggests that inflation has become more broad-based. Excluding the volatile components such as food and fuel, core retail inflation was around 7 percent in April with almost all subgroups in the index witnessing elevated inflation. And considering the inflation in the pipeline — the wholesale price index continues to be in double digits — price pressures are unlikely to dissipate in the immediate term. According to analysts, while manufacturing firms have been passing on the rise in input costs, it remains incomplete in the case of the services sector. However, as demand firms up, the pass through is likely to gather traction. This combination of factors suggests that inflation may not fall dramatically as and when commodity prices fall - prices may prove to be a tad sticky on the downside. The RBI's revised quarterly forecasts for inflation also seem to suggest so — inflation has now been projected at 7.5 percent in the first quarter, and 7.4 percent in the second quarter, trending downwards thereafter to 6.2 percent in the third quarter, and 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter.
Implicit in these quarterly inflation forecasts is also the acknowledgment that inflation will likely exceed the upper threshold of the central bank's inflation targeting framework for three consecutive quarters. Considering the risks that the ‘unanchoring' of inflation and inflation expectations pose to macroeconomic stability, and the country's growth prospects, the central bank must look beyond its quotidian responsibilities and continue to focus on maintaining price stability, attaching primacy to inflation management.
What are the volatile components of inflation ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
The RBI expects inflation at 6.7 percent in 2022 - 23. Recent government data also suggests that inflation has become more broad-based. Excluding the volatile components such as food and fuel, core retail inflation was around 7 percent in April with almost all subgroups in the index witnessing elevated inflation. And considering the inflation in the pipeline — the wholesale price index continues to be in double digits — price pressures are unlikely to dissipate in the immediate term. According to analysts, while manufacturing firms have been passing on the rise in input costs, it remains incomplete in the case of the services sector. However, as demand firms up, the pass through is likely to gather traction. This combination of factors suggests that inflation may not fall dramatically as and when commodity prices fall - prices may prove to be a tad sticky on the downside. The RBI's revised quarterly forecasts for inflation also seem to suggest so — inflation has now been projected at 7.5 percent in the first quarter, and 7.4 percent in the second quarter, trending downwards thereafter to 6.2 percent in the third quarter, and 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter.
Implicit in these quarterly inflation forecasts is also the acknowledgment that inflation will likely exceed the upper threshold of the central bank's inflation targeting framework for three consecutive quarters. Considering the risks that the ‘unanchoring' of inflation and inflation expectations pose to macroeconomic stability, and the country's growth prospects, the central bank must look beyond its quotidian responsibilities and continue to focus on maintaining price stability, attaching primacy to inflation management.
Why are prices unlikely to abate in the short term ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
The RBI expects inflation at 6.7 percent in 2022 - 23. Recent government data also suggests that inflation has become more broad-based. Excluding the volatile components such as food and fuel, core retail inflation was around 7 percent in April with almost all subgroups in the index witnessing elevated inflation. And considering the inflation in the pipeline — the wholesale price index continues to be in double digits — price pressures are unlikely to dissipate in the immediate term. According to analysts, while manufacturing firms have been passing on the rise in input costs, it remains incomplete in the case of the services sector. However, as demand firms up, the pass through is likely to gather traction. This combination of factors suggests that inflation may not fall dramatically as and when commodity prices fall - prices may prove to be a tad sticky on the downside. The RBI's revised quarterly forecasts for inflation also seem to suggest so — inflation has now been projected at 7.5 percent in the first quarter, and 7.4 percent in the second quarter, trending downwards thereafter to 6.2 percent in the third quarter, and 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter.
Implicit in these quarterly inflation forecasts is also the acknowledgment that inflation will likely exceed the upper threshold of the central bank's inflation targeting framework for three consecutive quarters. Considering the risks that the ‘unanchoring' of inflation and inflation expectations pose to macroeconomic stability, and the country's growth prospects, the central bank must look beyond its quotidian responsibilities and continue to focus on maintaining price stability, attaching primacy to inflation management.
In what context are the words’ ‘pass through’ used in the passage ?
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
The RBI expects inflation at 6.7 percent in 2022 - 23. Recent government data also suggests that inflation has become more broad-based. Excluding the volatile components such as food and fuel, core retail inflation was around 7 percent in April with almost all subgroups in the index witnessing elevated inflation. And considering the inflation in the pipeline — the wholesale price index continues to be in double digits — price pressures are unlikely to dissipate in the immediate term. According to analysts, while manufacturing firms have been passing on the rise in input costs, it remains incomplete in the case of the services sector. However, as demand firms up, the pass through is likely to gather traction. This combination of factors suggests that inflation may not fall dramatically as and when commodity prices fall - prices may prove to be a tad sticky on the downside. The RBI's revised quarterly forecasts for inflation also seem to suggest so — inflation has now been projected at 7.5 percent in the first quarter, and 7.4 percent in the second quarter, trending downwards thereafter to 6.2 percent in the third quarter, and 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter.
Implicit in these quarterly inflation forecasts is also the acknowledgment that inflation will likely exceed the upper threshold of the central bank's inflation targeting framework for three consecutive quarters. Considering the risks that the ‘unanchoring' of inflation and inflation expectations pose to macroeconomic stability, and the country's growth prospects, the central bank must look beyond its quotidian responsibilities and continue to focus on maintaining price stability, attaching primacy to inflation management.
Explain the meaning of the word ‘quotidian’ as used in the passage.
Read the passage carefully and answer the items based on it.
The RBI expects inflation at 6.7 percent in 2022 - 23. Recent government data also suggests that inflation has become more broad-based. Excluding the volatile components such as food and fuel, core retail inflation was around 7 percent in April with almost all subgroups in the index witnessing elevated inflation. And considering the inflation in the pipeline — the wholesale price index continues to be in double digits — price pressures are unlikely to dissipate in the immediate term. According to analysts, while manufacturing firms have been passing on the rise in input costs, it remains incomplete in the case of the services sector. However, as demand firms up, the pass through is likely to gather traction. This combination of factors suggests that inflation may not fall dramatically as and when commodity prices fall - prices may prove to be a tad sticky on the downside. The RBI's revised quarterly forecasts for inflation also seem to suggest so — inflation has now been projected at 7.5 percent in the first quarter, and 7.4 percent in the second quarter, trending downwards thereafter to 6.2 percent in the third quarter, and 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter.
Implicit in these quarterly inflation forecasts is also the acknowledgment that inflation will likely exceed the upper threshold of the central bank's inflation targeting framework for three consecutive quarters. Considering the risks that the ‘unanchoring' of inflation and inflation expectations pose to macroeconomic stability, and the country's growth prospects, the central bank must look beyond its quotidian responsibilities and continue to focus on maintaining price stability, attaching primacy to inflation management.
Choose the most appropriate option that describes the meaning of the term ‘unanchoring’ as used in the passage.
Directions : Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He is considered the **harbinger**.
Directions : Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
The **vista** of the villages is beautiful.
Directions : Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Her act was considered as most **lamentable**.
Directions : Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
The leader's **endurance** paid and he won the elections.
Directions : Select the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
We are planning a **jaunt** for a while during the winter.
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
It would be nice to have (a) / a good evening stroll (b) / after five hours of office. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
Arun likes (a) / Geography more than (b) / he likes History. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
While the solar energy has grabbed the spotlight, (a) / wind power too has been made steady progress (b) / across the world and in India. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d)
Pride brings a (a) / great dealing of vanity, (b) / an egotistic inflation. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d)
Persuasion happens only (a) / when someone takes a stand (b) / from which he has unwilling to move. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them may contain an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options. If you don’t find any error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.
The food consumed
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
This testing method requires (a) / one to fast overnight after which (b) / the fasting blood sugar level is measured. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
Multiple research studies (a) / have laid emphasis on the importance (b) / of walking to improved glucose control. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
This also allows (a) / individual writers (b) / to play his strengths. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each item in this section has a sentence with three underlined. parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in any underlined part and indicate your response. on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) or (c). If you find no error, your response should be indicated as (d).
As a screen writer, (a) / there are, broadly speaking, (b) / two kind of jobs in the film world. (c) / No error (d)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He headed. the Indian freedom struggle **which** paved the way for non-violent struggle for other countries in the 20th century.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
**Where** there is peace for some time, there will be prosperity.
Directions: Read the sentence carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response accordingly.
**Alas** ! We have been defeated.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
A **zero** is a zero always.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
May you be blessed with **all** good things of life.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
The lake is one of the most **beautiful** ones in the country.
Directions: Read the sentence carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response accordingly.
**Honesty** is the best policy.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
There is many a slip **between** the cup and the lip.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
Ravi and Megha reached first, **but** Guha and Saavi finished third.
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. Read the sentences carefully and find which part of speech the underlined word belongs to. Indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
He is **the** most sought after teacher in the school.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: A licensee who wants to surrender his license shall apply in Form X to the licensing officer.
P: This shall not entitle the licensee to any compensation by way of license fee in any form.
Q: If the licensing officer is satisfied, he may accept the surrender.
R: The license shall be deemed to have been terminated from the date of such acceptance.
S: The application shall be accompanied by a declaration of stock in Form V.
S6: The licensee who has surrendered his license shall be allowed to sell the antiquities declared to another licensee or a recognized museum in India.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1 : Haryana has achieved the 2nd rank among States in Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS) - 2021 report.
P: This makes Haryana a top performer in the northern cluster of land-locked States.
Q: The State has taken a leap from the 6th overall position in the previous evaluation (2019).
R: The improvement in ranking reflects focused initiatives by the State in improving the infrastructure.
S: The report aims to evaluate and rank States / UTs based on the efficiency of their logistics and initiatives taken.
S6 : LEADS 2021 framework evaluated States /UTs on 21 indicators, including 17 perceptions and four objectives-based indicators.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Wind power is an inexhaustible source of clean energy.
P: During the last decade, power production from the wind increased more than 25%.
Q: Although the cost of electrical energy produced by the wind depends on favourable sites for the location of wind turbines, wind power is already cost competitive with power produced from fossil fuels.
R: Much of the growth was in Europe, where most of the world's 17,000 megawatts of wind power is generated.
S: One expert calls wind generation the fastest-growing electricity-producing technology in the world.
S6: As examples, 13% of Denmark's power and more than 20% of power in the Netherlands, Spain and Germany is supplied by the wind.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Education, it is believed, is inseparable from our societal aspirations.
P: Education, as many would argue, was for realization of the Ultimate and the Absolute.
Q: In ancient times, for example, there was a distinctive spiritual meaning associated with education.
R: As these aspirations / world views undergo a process of transformation with the changing times, so does the meaning for education.
S: It was to overcome the finiteness of existence: all earthly temptations and desires.
S6 : But, for a modern / technical mind, this preoccupation with supreme spiritual knowledge may not hold such fascination.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: He resisted colonial education not just because it came from the West.
P: Essentially, he disliked its inherent elitism, its irrelevance as far as the needs of India's rural masses were concerned.
Q: For example, it was difficult for him to accept English as the medium of instruction, because he felt that it has created a permanent bar between the highly educated few and the uneducated many.
R: Moreover, with his profound pedagogic sensitivity he could see the damaging effect of colonial education.
S: He also felt that English made one a stranger in one's own land.
S6: Besides, with this kind of education, one could not appreciate the dignity of manual labour.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, Rand S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: A corpus is an abundant source of samples of English usage.
P: If this is to be of the meaning that has been previously explained, they cannot just be picked out of the corpus at random.
Q: If they are to function as examples, however, then we need to ask just what it is they are intended to be examples of.
R: Samples of the language, isolated from their natural context of use, will not normally exemplify word meanings, but will simply show one instance of the word's actual occurrence.
S: This is because the context will usually make it unnecessary to spell the meaning out.
S6: It is not only the previously explained meaning of the word that we might want a sample to exemplify, however, but also its collocational tendencies.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Historians have often explained religious and social reform in India in the nineteenth century as a result of the Western impact upon the minds of men.
P: With that purpose, we seek to analyze the thoughts and activities of individuals who were both religious reformers and vernacular publicists.
Q: The equation of westernization and modernization has given way to a search for the indigenous sources of social changes.
R: Recognizing the modernity of tradition is one thing however, whereas understanding the intellectual processes that produced indigenously generated change is another.
S: Others have recognized that this was entirely too simple an explanation for the intellectual and social changes that took place in India and other places that fell under the foreign colonial rule.
S6: Each of these vernacular-using reformers derived his arguments from within his own tradition.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, Rand S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1 : The country has experienced unprecedented economic development since the adoption of the New Economic Policy in the year 1999.
P: The middle classes have been the greatest beneficiary of the policy, who today enjoy far greater levels of income than their previous generations.
Q : In the immediate aftermath of the newly announced policy, there was apprehension in the minds of the people.
R: Within a few years, however, the beneficial impact of the newly announced policy became manifest through higher GDP and a thriving economy .
S: Faced with a critical foreign exchange crisis, the country adopted the policy in the Union Budget presented in the year 1999.
S6: If the country dreams of a much larger economy today, much of the optimism is due to the policy changes that took place in the year 1999.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: The Indian co-operative movement is probably one of the largest, strongest and the oldest in the world with widespread spatial coverage, diversified business activities and ample success stories.
P: It has celebrated its Centenary very recently.
Q: It is structured around the Rochdale Principles and Raiffeisen Model in wake of miseries of peasantry.
R: It is termed as the “economic miracle” of the last century.
S: Ever since the officially sponsored Act of 1904, the Movement has passed through a number of phases.
S6: Co-operatives have been organized in areas like credit, marketing, distribution, dairy development, industry, sugar and so on.
Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, Rand S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1 : Degenerative and man-made diseases, or rather, non-communicable diseases mark epidemiological transition in the contemporary world.
P: Scholars reiterate that epidemiological transition and structural change in the disease pattern are inevitable.
Q: This transition is the result of rapid increments in urbanization and industrialization.
R: He argued that the disease pattern is shifting from the predominance of infectious and parasitic diseases to chronic and man-made diseases.
S: Omran's epidemiological transition theory, 1971 portrayed a clear picture of the changing pattern of diseases prevalent all over the world.
S6: This transition has led to the rise of living standards in general, whereby people enjoy a sedentary lifestyle with good socio-economic profile.
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Alibi’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Continuously’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
'Elicit'
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Climactic’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Affect’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Discrete’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘It’s’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Amidst’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Less’
Directions : In the following questions a particular word is provided. Four sentences have been framed, one of which makes use of the word correctly. You are required to select the correct option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
‘Practise’
